Abstract: Carrier beads for use in an electrostatographic developer mixture comprise a glass core or iron-containing metal core enveloped with a coating of a copolymer of N-vinylcarbazole, trialkoxyvinylsilane and/or triacetoxyvinylsilane and optionally one or both of the monomers of the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl (meth)acrylate and styrene.

Abstract: A photo-voltaic hetero-junction is formed by chemical conversion of surface regions of a sheet of one conductivity type into material of a second conductivity type, the areas which are not to be converted being covered by a developed photo-resist layer which has previously been exposed to light through a mask. Electrical contacts are deposited on the regions of the second type and contacts to the material of the first type are formed by a layer deposited on a substrate under the sheet of material of the first type. This deposited layer of electrically-conductive material can also form the mask for initial exposure of the photo-resist layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic flocculating composition consisting of water soluble salts of Al, Fe, Mg and Ca and obtained by attacking clays containing the above chemical elements, the attack being carried out with an acid capable of forming water soluble salts of the said chemical elements. The said composition is capable of destroying the stability of colloidal slurries and can be employed without involving strict conditions, such as pH, temperature and so on.

Abstract: A granular calcium carbonate-containing mixture is formed wherein the calcium carbonate particles have a high effective surface area and a low degree of agglomeration.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing particular species of sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine were found to be unexpectedly effective bleach photoactivators for removing stains from textiles. These species are principally tri- and tetra-sulfonates, especially the latter, with minor amounts of di-sulfonates permitted.

Abstract: Powder detergent compositions for machine dish washing which are effective in hard water in the absence of phosphates are provided based on a combination of low foaming nonionic surfactant, bleaching agent, and from 15-85% of borax. The composition is buffered to provide a pH in the range of pH 7.8 to pH 8.5 measured in 1% water solution.

Abstract: Detergent compositions are prepared containing a carboxymethyloxysuccinate salt detergency builder by spray drying a slurry containing dispersed carboxymethyloxysuccinate salt and detergent compound, to which slurry an alkali metal silicate is added after the addition of the carboxymethyloxysuccinate salt, with the slurry water content being maintained at not less than 40% of the final slurry formulation and a slurry temperature of not less than 76.degree. C. This decreases the formation of insoluble lumps in the slurry and gives improved slurry viscosity control.

Abstract: A composition useful for removing nail lacquer is disclosed. This composition comprises an aqueous solution of a chelating agent, a humectant such as an alkylene glycol, a 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzophenone-5-sulfonic acid, a proteinaceous material and vitamin A and D palmitates, the aforesaid ingredients being dispersed in a thickened acetone vehicle to form a homogeneous creamy stable mixture.

Abstract: Chitosan derivatives formed by acylation of chitosan with a saturated or unsaturated organic diacid anhydride are employed as a skin moisturizing agent in a cosmetic composition comprising an aqueous solution containing 0.1-20 percent by weight of said chitosan derivative.

Abstract: Drain cleaning compositions, especially effective in dissolving soap curd, are provided which comprise in aqueous solution an ammonium, alkylamine, hydroxy-alkylamine, or mixtures thereof, salt of nitrilotriacetic acid, N-2-hydroxyethylimino diacetic acid, an alkylene polyamine polycarboxylic acid, or mixtures thereof, and an ammonium, alkylamine, hydroxy-alkylamine, or mixtures thereof, salt of one or more anionic surfactants, wherein the alkylamine and hydroxy-alkylamine have a chain length of from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the composition is substantially free of alkali metal ions, and the alkylene polyamine polycarboxylic acid has the formula(HOOCCH.sub.2).sub.2 N--[(CH.sub.2).sub.x NCH.sub.2 COOH].sub.Y --CH.sub.2 COOHwherein x and y may each independently be from 1 to 4.

Abstract: Detergent compositions using only alkali metal citrate and carbonate builder salts are disclosed. The detergent compositions disclosed have a lower alkalinity than phosphate-free detergents employing high concentrations of silicates.

Abstract: A water soluble laundry detergent containing, an organic anionic detergent, nonionic detergent or mixture thereof, a builder salt, preferably including a silicate, a peroxymonosulfate bleaching agent, a bromide promoter for the bleaching agent and one or more of certain optical brighteners which are stable in the presence of the bleach and the promoter.The detergent composition has an excellent detersive action and is of improved bleaching efficiency compared to a non-promoted peroxymonosulfate-containing detergent. With proper selection of brightener acid or salt and judicious control of bromide and peroxymonosulfate contents in a detergent composition containing sufficient alkali to maintain a wash solution pH of at least 9, the ability of sodium bromide to promote removal of undesirable stains from a wash load of laundry is achieved with minimal adverse effect on the brightener and "colorfast" dyed fabrics are not discolored or bleached.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby infrared holograms can be recorded in photographic silver halide emulsions as positive images. High resolution holograms have been produced with 1.06 .mu.m radiation in photographic plates by utilizing the Herschel reversal effect.

Abstract: In the inhibition of corrosion and scale formation in a water-carrying system wherein to the water there is added a phosphonocarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkinyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical, or the radical ##STR2## R' is hydrogen, an alkyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms or a carboxyl radical; andX is ##STR3## the improvement which comprises further adding to the water about 5 to 500% by weight of the phosphonocarboxylic acid of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a benzimidazole derivative, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and lignin sulfonate.

Abstract: A photoconductive polymer, and photoconductive insulating compositions and elements containing the same, are disclosed. The aforementioned polymer is a condensation product, preferably of relatively low molecular weight, of certain tertiary aromatic amines and certain carbonyl-containing compounds.

Abstract: Superparamagnetic wax compositions useful in magnetic levitation separations of particle mixture based on density differences are provided which have the ability to withstand without phase separation repeated melt-freeze cycling. The stability is obtained by using a mixture of hydrocarbon and oxygenated waxes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are detergent compositions containing a water soluble organic surfactant and as a builder therefor a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X and X' are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyls having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxys having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxyalkyls having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, hydroxyalkyls having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, carboxyl in salt form (i.e., -- COOM), and carboxymethyloxy in salt form (i.e., --OCH.sub.2 COOM), with the provision that only one of X and X' can be hydrogen, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl in salt form or carboxymethyloxy in salt form; Y and Y' are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyls having from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and hydroxyalkyls having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; in the cases where both X and Y' or X' and Y are hydrogen or alkyls, X' and Y or X and Y' taken together can constitute a single bond which connects the .alpha. and .alpha.

Abstract: A process for the activation of peroxide-based bleaches comprises conjointly incorporating into an aqueous medium a peroxide-based bleach, a buffering agent to maintain the aqueous medium at a pH above 7.5, and cyanamide, which has been found to be a highly effective peroxide activator when employed under alkaline conditions. Stable concentrated liquid and solid cyanamide-activated bleaching compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The method of preparing a coagulant for purification of water from mechanical admixtures consists in that alunite is roasted at a temperature of 520.degree.-620.degree. C. The roasted alunite is leached with a 20-35 per cent aqueous solution of sulphuric acid taken in the quantity of 70-90 per cent of the stoichiometrically required quantity, at a temperature of 80.degree.-100.degree. C. After leaching, roasted alunite is added in the quantity of 10-15 per cent of the weight of the starting alunite. The resultant pulp consists of solid and liquid phases, the liquid phase being an aqueous solution of the end product, while the solid phase is an insoluble residue. The solution is separated from the insoluble residue and the end product is finally isolated from the solution.

Abstract: The composition of liquid toners and hence the recycling of such toners is simplified when, as the only substance controlling the charge of the pigments and luminescent substances, respectively, an aluminium (III) salt or a chromium (III) salt of an anthranilic acid possibly substituted at the benzene nucleus is used and the amino group of which is acylated with a fatty acid containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms.