Abstract: A process for the preparing glycols from a lignocellulosic solid biomass involves contacting the biomass with an organic solvent comprising a low boiling point alcohol and a pre-treatment acid at a temperature in a range from 80 to 220° C. and a pressure in a range from 1 to 50 bara. The resulting mixture, having >20 wt. % water, is separated into a pre-treated solid residue comprising cellulose and a liquid stream comprising dissolved lignin and hemicellulose. The pre-treated solid residue is subjected to a hydrogenolysis reaction, generating a glycols stream, a lights stream, comprising a first portion of organic solvent, and a heavies stream. At least of part of the liquid stream is separated to produce a second portion of organic solvent and a solid residue of lignin and hemicellulose. At least part of the first and second portion of organic solvent is recycled to the contacting step.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an improved photochemical synthesis of vitamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol alone or in combination with sterol precursors in presence of the photosensitizer of Formula I in high yield and with reduced levels of impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for thermolytic fragmentation of a sugar into a composition comprising C1-C3 oxygenates. In particular, it relates to the use of heat carrying particles providing improved yields of C1-C3 oxygenates and improved fluidization characteristics making it suitable for industrial scale production of e.g. glycolaldehyde. It also regards a circulating fluidized bed system comprising the heat carrying particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted heterocyclic compounds represented by the general formula (I), or their isotopic forms, stereoisomers, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention also describes the method of making such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and their use in the treatment of central nervous system disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combination therapies for treating KRas G12C cancers. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a combination of a pan ErbB family inhibitor and a KRAS G12C inhibitor of Formula (I), Formula (I-A) or Formula (I-B), pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amounts of the inhibitors, kits comprising the compositions and methods of use therefor.

Abstract: A method includes heating a steam feed stream received from a reactor unit in a first heat exchanger using an anode effluent from an anode of an electrolyzer as a heat transfer medium to generate a first heated steam effluent, heating the first heated steam effluent in a second heat exchanger using a cathode effluent from a cathode of the electrolyzer as a heat transfer medium to generate a second heated steam effluent, combusting, in a combustion unit, a first tail gas stream to transfer heat to the second heated steam effluent to generate a third heated steam effluent, and passing the third heated steam effluent to the cathode of the electrolyzer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds useful in treatment of conditions associated with dysfunction of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1) enzyme. Specifically, the present invention discloses compound of formula (J) which exhibit inhibitory activity against ENPP1. Method of treating conditions associated with over-expression of ENPP1 gene with such compound is disclosed. Uses thereof, pharmaceutical composition, and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4x, R4y, m, n and G are as defined herein. The invention further relates to herbicidal compositions which comprise a compound of Formula (I), to their use for controlling weeds, in particular in crops of useful plants.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for purifying HFO-1132 to a high purity while suppressing the isomerization and loss of HFO-1132. Specifically, the present disclosure provides a method for purifying 1,2-difluoroethylene, which is HFO-1132, the method comprising, in this order, step 1 of bringing a composition comprising trans-1,2-difluoroethylene, which is HFO-1132(E), and water into contact with a zeolite having an average pore size of 2 to 4 ? to reduce the water content from the composition; and step 2 of recovering a purified product containing HFO-1132(E) and a reduced content of water, and containing less than 0.1% by volume of HFO-1132(Z).

Abstract: A method for functionalization of an aromatic amino acid or a nucleobase with a fluoroalkyl-containing moiety RF, wherein the aromatic amino acid is reacted in the presence of at least one reductant with at least one hypervalent iodine fluoroalkyl reagent carrying the fluoroalkyl-containing moiety RF is disclosed. Novel hypervalent iodine fluoroalkyl reagents is also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes and systems for producing cellulosic ethanol from byproducts of an ethanol production facility and methods and systems for more effectively integrating traditional ethanol production facilities with cellulosic ethanol production to reduce overall energy use and produce ethanol with lower carbon intensity scores.

Abstract: The present invention relates to parenteral compositions comprising methylene blue, water and one or more pH regulating agents. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing such compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for producing pseudoionone and hydroxy pseudoionone. It suggests an apparatus (1) comprising first and second substantially vertically oriented reactor chambers oriented such that components flow through the first and second reactor chambers in different directions, wherein the first reactor chamber (13) is configured to receive a first component feed (C1) containing a first aqueous mixture through an inlet (15), and to produce a second aqueous mixture, and wherein the apparatus (1) comprises a mixing device (17) positioned downstream of the first component feed inlet (15) and configured to add a second component feed (C2) to the first component feed (C1) when the second aqueous mixture has formed, and the second reactor chamber (23) is configured to receive the first and second component feeds unified in the mixing device (17) from the first reactor chamber (13) and to produce a third aqueous mixture from the first and second aqueous mixtures.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for depolymerising a phenolic polymer, the method comprising reacting the phenolic polymer with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and a hydrogen halide. The phenolic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of lignin and derivatives thereof. The hydrogen halide may be HBr. The quantity of hydrogen halide per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 30 mmoles to 70 mmoles. The quantity of DMSO per gram of phenolic polymer may be from 0.1 mole to 1 mole. The reaction may be performed at a temperature of from 100 to 120° C. The reaction may be carried out for between 10 h and 14 h. The product of the reaction may comprise vanillin.

Abstract: A method of removing a metal substance in a petrochemical product including: supplying a petrochemical product stream to an incoming tank through a supply pipe, circulating the petrochemical product stream through an incoming tank circulation pipe, and removing a metal substance included in the petrochemical product stream using a magnetic filter; transporting the petrochemical product stream to an outgoing tank through an incoming tank discharge pipe which is branched from the incoming tank circulation pipe and connected to an outgoing tank; circulating the petrochemical product stream through an outgoing tank circulation pipe provided in the outgoing tank and removing the metal substance included in the petrochemical product stream using a magnetic filter; and transporting the petrochemical product stream to a branch pipe branched from the outgoing tank circulation pipe to remove the metal substance using an ion exchange resin filter.

Abstract: A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a first hydrogenation unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a distillation unit; withdrawing a 2-butene stream from the distillation unit: passing the 2-butene stream through a second hydrogenation unit producing a 1-butene stream; passing at least a portion of the 1-butene stream through a separation unit; and passing the 1-butene stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive.

Abstract: A device for refining ethanol is disclosed, which includes a fermentation unit, a low-pressure column, a medium-pressure column, a high-pressure column and a membrane separation unit. A method for refining ethanol is disclosed, which specifically includes the following steps: after fermenting the biomass feedstock, feeding fermented mash into a low-pressure column and a high-pressure column which are connected in parallel for refining, mixing two column top distillates, and feeding the mixed column top distillates into a medium-pressure column for further rectification; and purifying the refined ethanol vapor with higher purity obtained after rectification in the medium-pressure column by a membrane separation unit to obtain high-concentration ethanol product vapor.

Abstract: The compounds disclosed herein compound of Formula (I), substructures thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds provided herein can be useful for delivery and expression of mRNA and encoded protein, e.g., as a component of liposomal delivery vehicle, and accordingly can be useful for treating various diseases, disorders and conditions, such as those associated with deficiency of one or more proteins.

Abstract: A system and method for removing organic carboxylates from a mono ethylene glycol (“MEG”) stream includes a reaction vessel; means for cooling and diluting the MEG stream being routed to the reaction vessel; means for acidifying the cooled and diluted MEG stream during its residence time within the reaction vessel; and means for removing an acetic-rich overhead stream from the reaction vessel. The acidification of the cooled and diluted MEG stream occurs under a vacuum. The reaction vessel may be located downstream of a calcium removal vessel and receive a filtered bottom stream from that vessel, or it may be a single reaction vessel that cycles between a calcium removal mode and an acetate removal mode, with the pressure of the single vessel being greater during the calcium removal mode than during the acetate removal mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound of the formula: salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as methods of treating or preventing HIV in subjects.