Abstract: The invention relates to a reactor for the catalytic production of methanol, in which at least two catalyst layers are arranged. The first catalyst layer is arranged upstream and the second catalyst layer is arranged downstream. The activity of the first catalyst layer is higher than the activity of the second catalyst layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene performed using a starting composition, comprising the steps of placing the starting composition in contact with HF, in the presence of a catalyst, to produce a composition A comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), intermediate products B consisting of 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb), and side products C consisting of E-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233zdE), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (1234zeE) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (245fa); recovery of said composition A and purification thereof to form and recover a first stream comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and one or more streams comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) and/or 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb); recycling into step a) of said one or more streams comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233xf) and/or 1,1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb).

Abstract: The invention relates to methods of producing deuterated haloform, and apparatus for such methods. In an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method to produce deuterated haloform, the method comprising: (a) providing a mixture comprising a compound of formula (I) heavy water, and a catalyst of formula (II), wherein each X in formula (I) is independently a halogen, and R1 is an aliphatic group, or an aryl group, wherein at least one of R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 is an anionic functional group, a polymer, or a linker attached to a polymer; (b) heating the mixture to displace the trihalocarbon anion; and (c) forming the deuterated haloform.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of a feed comprising a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to hydrocarbons, the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the feed being present in a ratio of from 1:9 to 9:1 by volume, the process comprising the step of contacting the feed at elevated temperatures and atmospheric or elevated pressure with a catalyst comprising titanium dioxide and cobalt wherein the catalyst initially comprises from 30% to 95% metallic cobalt by weight of cobalt.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method for dissolving and/or depolymerizing lignin comprising: (a) providing a composition comprising lignin, (b) contacting the composition with a strong hydrogen donor, such as a polyol, to form a first solution, (c) incubating the first solution at a temperature equal to or less than 100° C., whereby at least 20% by weight of the lignin is dissolved, (d) optionally introducing an oxidation agent to the first solution to form a second solution, wherein the temperature of the second solution is equal to or less than 100° C., whereby lignin is depolymerized, and (e) optionally introducing an anti-solvent to the second solution to precipitate the depolymerized lignin.

Abstract: The method for isomerizing an organic compound comprises a step of selecting an alumina so that the acid amount calculated from the amount of ammonia desorbed at a desorption temperature of at least 300° C. by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia is at least 0.10 mmol/g and at most 0.25 mmol/g; a step of fluorinating the selected alumina by a fluorinating agent to produce a partially fluorinated alumina; and a step of isomerizing, by using the obtained partially fluorinated alumina, an organic compound having at least two carbon atoms wherein to at least one of the adjacent carbon atoms, at least one fluorine atom is bonded and to the other, at least one chlorine atom or hydrogen atom is bonded.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) is provided. This manufacturing method includes a reaction in which a halogenated hydrocarbon compound having a carbon number of 3 and represented by a general formula (1) is heated: CFaCl3-a—CH2—CHFbCl2-b??(1) In the formula, a is an integer from 0 to 2, b is 1 or 2 when a=0, b is 0 or 1 when a=1, and b is 0 when a=2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for methanol synthesis comprising the steps of providing a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, wherein carbon dioxide represents from 1 to 50 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, carbon monoxide is contained from 0.1 to 85 mol % of the total molar content, and H2 is comprised from 5 to 95 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream; providing an indium oxide catalyst selected from a bulk catalyst and a supported catalyst comprising indium oxide (In2O3) as the main active phase; putting in contact said stream with said catalyst at a reaction temperature of at least 373 K (99.85° C.) and under a pressure ranging of at least 1 MPa; and recovering the methanol effluents. The invention also relates to an indium oxide based catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for methanol synthesis comprising the steps of providing a syngas feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides selected from carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, wherein carbon dioxide represents from 1 to 50 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, carbon monoxide is contained from 0 to 85 mol % of the total molar content, and H2 is comprised from 5 to 95 mol % of the total molar content of the feed stream, and a catalyst comprising indium oxide (In2O3) on a support wherein the support comprises zirconium dioxide or is zirconium dioxide; putting in contact said stream with said supported catalyst at a reaction temperature of at least 373 K (99.85° C.) and under a pressure ranging of at least 1 MPa; and recovering the methanol effluents. The invention also relates to a supported indium oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A process for conducting an exothermic reaction in a vertical tubular reactor comprising; providing a reactor with two or more reaction zones each containing multiple tubes attached to common tube sheets at top and bottom, each zone separated by segmented baffles in the top head and the bottom head.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) and hexafluoropropene (HFP), and a method of forming an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising the step of combining hexafluoropropene (HFP) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like comprising hexafluoropropene (HFP) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) having a boiling point of about ?31.21° C.±0.30° C. at a pressure of about 14.21 psia±0.30 psia.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions including trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) and 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc), and a method of forming an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition comprising the step of combining 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like comprising 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225zc) and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) having a boiling point of about ?25.63° C.±0.30° C. at a pressure of about 14.44 psia±0.30 psia.

Abstract: A process is described for the synthesis of methanol comprising the steps of: (i) passing a first synthesis gas mixture comprising a make-up gas and a first loop recycle gas stream through a first synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a first product gas stream, (ii) recovering methanol from the first product gas stream thereby forming a first methanol-depleted gas mixture, (iii) combining the first methanol-depleted gas mixture with a second loop recycle gas stream to form a second synthesis gas mixture, (iv) passing the second synthesis gas mixture through a second synthesis reactor containing a cooled methanol synthesis catalyst to form a second product gas stream, (v) recovering methanol from the second product gas stream thereby forming a second methanol-depleted gas mixture, and (vi) forming the first and second loop recycle gas streams from the second methanol-depleted gas mixture, wherein the first synthesis reactor has a higher heat transfer per cubic metre of cata

Abstract: Provided are synthesis processes and intermediates for preparing cannabinoids and analogs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from 1,1,2-trichloroethane, comprising at least one step of separating 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane from the organic phase produced during the method; said step comprising a) purification of the organic phase obtained in step (iii) so as to form a first stream comprising 1-chloro-difluoroethane and hydrofluoric acid and a second stream comprising 1,1,2-trichloroethane; b) the elimination of the hydrofluoric acid from said first stream in order to form a third stream comprising 1-chloro-difluoroethane; and c) a purification of said third stream comprising 1-chloro-difluoroethane.

Abstract: A hydrogenation process is disclosed. The process involves reacting a fluoroolefin with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a hydrofluoroalkane product, wherein the palladium catalyst comprises palladium supported on a carrier wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the carrier. Also disclosed is a palladium catalyst composition consisting essentially of palladium supported on ?-Al2O3 wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.2 wt % based on the total weight of the palladium and the ?-Al2O3. Also disclosed is a hydrogenation process comprising reacting a fluoroolefin with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a palladium catalyst to produce a hydrofluoroalkane product, characterized by: the palladium catalyst consisting essentially of palladium supported on ?-Al2O3 wherein the palladium concentration is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying and drying a hydrofluoroolefin stream comprising a hydrofluoroolefin, water and impurities composed of halogenated carbon compounds, characterised in that said stream is brought into contact with an adsorbent and in that the purification and the drying processes are carried out simultaneously in one and the same step, said hydrofluoroolefin being a compound of formula (I): CX1X2?CX3CX4X5X6 in which each Xi (i ranging from 1 to 6) represents, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a chlorine or fluorine atom, it being understood that at least one of the Xi's represents a fluorine atom.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for making gasoline. The method includes converting a resid-containing feed to a first fuel gas and a fluid coke in a fluidized bed reactor; gasifying the fluid coke with steam and air to produce a second fuel gas, said second fuel gas comprising a syngas; contacting the first fuel gas with a first conversion catalyst under first effective conversion conditions to form an effluent comprising C5+ hydrocarbon compounds; and converting the syngas to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons by converting the syngas to a methanol intermediate product.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to converting equilibrium-limited reactions. Various embodiments may include methods and apparatus for such reactions, such as a method for converting equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: delivering a catalyst material to a reaction zone of a reactor; delivering starting materials into the reaction zone; reacting the materials to form a product; introducing a sorbent into the reactor; taking up the products with the sorbent; and collecting the sorbent once it is loaded with products in a collection zone of the reactor. In some embodiment, the reaction zone is separated from the collection zone in the reactor.

Abstract: A method for producing 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene according to the present invention includes the step of reacting 1,1,2,3,3-pentachloropropene with a fluorinating agent where hydrogen fluoride is used as the fluorinating agent.