Abstract: A controlled zone defrosting system is provided for disbursing electrical energy, according to predetermined priorities, to a plurality of defrosting devices, formed of an electrically conductive glass coating material, in an automobile or the like. The defrosting devices could, for example, be effectively located to melt ice formed on such areas as the driver and passenger sides of a windshield, a rear window, etc. The disbursement of electrical energy may, in addition to being dependent on preselected priorities, be made dependent on a number of factors such as time, temperature and the remaining amount of energy. The electrical energy may be supplied by an associated automobile's battery, an independent battery, or an electrical energy generating mechanism such as a photovoltaic device. Available remaining electrical energy may be monitored and, as it is diminished, be disbursed only to zones given top priorities.

Abstract: A modular wire feeding device includes a wire feeding block with an electric motor and a planetary wire feeding head disposed in an electrically insulating casing. To the front shield of the electric motor there is rigidly fastened a current and water conducting pipe, a water outlet and gas inlet pipe connected to a front and rear flange. To the rear shield of the electric motor there is mounted an insulating flange which connects the wire feeding device to the wire supply part of a welding hose. The external surfaces of the front, rear, and insulating flanges are shaped as guides of the insulating casing. The casing is made up of two parts with openings provided for the manipulation of the wire feeding head. Above the openings and movably mounted on the insulating casing there is mounted a protective cover for the openings in the casing.

Abstract: A welding and/or cutting machine 1 is provided for use on a workpiece 2 formed by a pair of metal sheets 3 in face to face contact. The machine comprises a movable carriage 4 mounted on a pair of drive rollers 5 operable to grip the sheets 3 of the workpiece in the nip of the rollers. The axes of rotation 6 of the rollers 5 are disposed so that as the rollers rotate, forces are generated which cause the carriage 4 to be pulled on to the workpiece 2. The carriage 4 is capable of transporting welding means 7 as shown in FIG. 1, for lip-welding the sheets of the workpiece together, or, alternatively, transporting cutter means 10 for subsequent removal of weld material.

Abstract: A method of hard-facing is disclosed in which matrix metal is melted on the surface of a metal base member being hard-faced along with a portion of the metal base member by a non-consumable electrode moving over the matrix metal. The arc between the electrode and the matrix metal will produce a large pool of molten metal that moves along with the electrode. A constant stream of wear resistant particles, such as tungsten carbide that have been preheated to at least 400.degree. F. are continuously fed to the back side of the pool of molten metal. The heat of the arc causes the molten metal in the pool to swirl which results in the wear resistant particles being distributed more or less evenly throughout the matrix metal from the bottom to the top as it solidifies behind the electrode.

Abstract: A spot welding machine comprising a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to the first electrode, whereby a workpiece, including, e.g., a conductor wire coated with a heat-resistant resin film and a terminal to be welded to the conductor wire, is subjected to electric-resistance welding in a manner such that the workpiece is held between the first and second electrodes. In the spot welding machine according to the present invention, a third electrode is interposed between the first electrode and the workpiece so that one distal-end side face of the third electrode abuts closely against a workpiece engaging end of the first electrode, and that the other distal-end side face of the third electrode is in contact with the workpiece. The proximal end of the first electrode is connected to a first terminal of AC power source means, and the respective proximal ends of the second and third electrodes are connected to a second terminal.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present invention, an image forming section forms an image corresponding to the image data on an image receiving medium by selectively using at least first and second image forming media different from each other. A gradation determinator determines first and second gradation methods corresponding to the first and second image forming media which are selectively used. A first gradation section performs gradation conversion corresponding to the first gradation method. A second gradation section performs gradation conversion corresponding to the second gradation method. A controller supplies the image data to the image forming section through the first or second gradation section in response to a determination result from the gradation determinator so that the image forming section forms a halftone-controlled image. In another aspect of the present invention, a color image data output section outputs color image data to be formed on an image receiving medium as a main image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuous-direct-resistance heating of long-length articles wherein the travelling long-length article is made to contact with roll electrodes disposed in a specified spacing, then made to pass through an annular transformer disposed between the roll electrodes.Conductive members with sufficiently less electrical resistance than that of the long-length article located between the both electrodes are disposed on the periphery of the transformer with the both ends thereof connected to the roll electrode through a slider, thereby a current being induced in the long-length article with the conductive member as the retrace, which heats the long-length article having a higher resistance very efficiently, neither resulting in an external voltage, nor causing electrically any obstacle to the production line in which the apparatus is installed.

Abstract: An improved hollow electrode 10 and hollow electrode working tip 14 for a gas tunsten arc welding apparatus is disclosed. The hollow electrode face is formed as a lune-shaped radial surface 16 having two tapered intersecting cone-shaped angled surfaces 18. The improved electrode working tip provides a controllable stable arc resulting in an improved weld.

Abstract: A resistance seam welding machine is described, particularly for the longitudinal seam welding of can bodies, wherein, in the secondary loop (16), feed and return lines are constructed partially as a double line (18, 28) and in all the remaining portion (18a, 18b, 18c, 20, 24, 26) in the form of a substantially coaxial line. The voltage loss occurring in the secondary loop (16) between welding transformer (14) and welding position (8, 10) and the heat due to energy losses in the machine parts adjacent to the secondary loop are considerably reduced as a result of this construction of the feed return lines.

Abstract: Disclosed is a machine for flash butt welding of pipes located in the bore of the pipes welded together, a housing (2) whereof is provided with rigidly attached thereto a first supporting disc (3) and a second supporting disc (4) and with a pipe flashing-and-upsetting means (5) which has a carrier (7) and a hydraulic actuator (6) for displacing said means along the housing (2) and also has two pipe clamping means (9, 10) each whereof is provided with a carrier (12 and 13) and self-contained hydraulic actuators (11) imparting axial motion to this clamping means.

Abstract: A spot welding electrode valve includes a body having an upper and a lower tapered portion and containing a hollow valve which houses a spring loaded sensor having a valve portion. The spot welding electrode valve is adapted to be mounted to a standard resistance welding electrode through its upper tapered end portion and in the mounted position the valves in the body are closed so as to circulate coolant fluid through the body and the welding electrode. The lower tapered end portion is adapted to receive a welding cap or tip which when mounted actuates the sensor to open the valves in the body to allow coolant fluid to flow inside the welding cap or tip and to remove heat generated in the welding process. When the welding cap or tip is removed for replacement or repair, the sensor will automatically close the valves in the body and confine circulation of the coolant fluid inside the spot welding electrode valve and welding electrode without external release.