Abstract: A population of human polygonal RPE cells is disclosed. At least 95% of the cells thereof co-express premelanosome protein (PMEL17) and cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP), wherein the trans-epithelial electrical resistance of the cells is greater than 100 ohms. Methods of generating same are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to discogenic cell populations, methods of deriving, and methods of using them. The presently described discogenic cell populations may be used to restore or regenerate damaged, diseased, or missing intervertebral discs of a subject. The presently described discogenic cell populations can be derived from and administered or implanted into a subject, or may be derived from an unrelated donor.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in assessing and/or treating a mammal having a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). For example, methods and materials provided herein can be used for determining if a mammal having a FGID is likely to respond to a particular FGID treatment. This document also provides methods and materials for treating a mammal having a FGID.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method of treating, preventing, or ameliorating one or more symptoms of an untreated or treatment-resistant diabetes with a glucokinase activator, optionally in combination with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.

Abstract: A biphenyl compound represented by formula (I), a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The present invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition that comprises the compound as an active ingredient. The compound is a novel small molecule immunomodulator having excellent oral absorption features and can be used for treating and/or preventing various immunity-related diseases.

Abstract: A method includes containing an algae media within a contactor, introducing a stream of natural gas comprising up to 80 wt % carbon dioxide (CO2) into the contactor, contacting the natural gas on the algae media and thereby allowing the algae media to consume CO2 from the natural gas, and discharging a stream of natural gas comprising 2 wt % or less CO2 from the contactor.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for using butyrylcholinesterases (BChE) to treat cancer (e.g., triple negative breast cancer or prostate cancer). For example, methods and materials for using nucleic acid vectors (e.g., viral vectors) to express BChE polypeptides under conditions that reduce the number of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) and/or reduce the growth rate of cancer cells (e.g., triple negative breast cancer cells or prostate cancer cells) within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides biomarkers of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Bacteria that are increased or decreased in gut microbiota dysbiosis can be used as biomarkers to predict dysbiosis in patients with diarrhea and/or to predict susceptibility to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). In addition, provided herein are compositions including at least three bacteria that are decreased in gut microbiota dysbiosis which can be used, for example, to restore heathy gut microbiota (e.g., by probiotic or by fecal microbiota transplant) to treat CDI.

Abstract: Provided are compounds useful for treating cancer and methods of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a purified compound described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Lactobacillus strain having antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans, a culture medium of the strain, and a cell-free supernatant of the strain, and to an antimicrobial composition containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Gardnerella vaginalis infection or Candida albicans infection containing the same, a pharmaceutical composition for prevention or treatment of vaginitis containing the same, a health functional food for prevention or ameliorating of vaginitis containing the same, and a quasi-drug composition for prevention or amelioration of vaginitis containing the same.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed herein comprising a graft copolymer that comprises: (i) a backbone comprising an alpha-1,3-glucan ether or ester compound, and (ii) one or more alpha-1,3-glucan side chains comprising at least about 50% alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages. Further disclosed are reactions for producing such graft copolymers, as well as their use in various applications.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for treating uterine fibroids are described, wherein a uterine fibroid treatment agent comprising collagenase in an amount effective to cause shrinkage of uterine fibroids is injected or inserted into the uterine fibroid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting L-serine based on cysteine desulfurase-containing living Escherichia coli cells, and belongs to the technical field of amino acid detection. The method includes the following steps: incubating an unknown sample with the cysteine desulfurase-containing living E. coli cells to produce a red substance, and qualitatively or semi-quantitatively detecting L-serine content in the unknown sample according to color changes of the red substance of the living E. coli cells, or quantitatively detecting L-serine content in the unknown sample by measuring absorbance of a lysate of the living E. coli cells. The detection method provided by the present disclosure is simple and convenient in process, few in reaction steps and stable in enzymatic activity of living cells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides GLP-1R agonists, and compositions, methods, and kits thereof. Such compounds are generally useful for treating a GLP-1R mediated disease or condition in a human.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel two-component system comprising acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and which is particularly useful in providing an aqueous solution of ASA for immediate peroral administration.

Abstract: A dialkyl carbonate is prepared by reacting urea with an alkyl monohydric alcohol at 70° C. to 150° C. under normal pressure or reduced pressure. The reaction is conducted for 6 h to 30 h under stirring and reflux, with one or more of magnesium, calcium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc as a primary catalyst and one or more compounds including an electron-donating nitrogen, phosphonis, oxygen or sulfur atom as a catalyst promoter. The dialkyl carbonate is prepared under low reaction temperature and normal pressure or reduced pressure, with high selectivity and high yield. With simple operations, high safety and low cost for the process, the method has prominent industrial application prospects.

Abstract: Provided are compounds useful for treating cancer and methods of treating cancer comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound described herein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of reducing colonization of a subject's anterior nares and/or nasal cavity by a microorganism (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). In some aspects, the method may include administering a pharmaceutical composition to the subject, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises a therapeutically effective amount of at least one probiotic.

Abstract: Stable, injectable pharmaceutical compositions are provided, which are useful as ready-to-dilute (RTD) or ready-to-use (RTU) liquid injectable compositions comprising bendamustine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and which are suitable for intravenous administration. Preferably, solution formulations comprise (a) bendamustine, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, or hydrates thereof, (b) at least one pharmaceutically acceptable non-aqueous solvent; (c) optionally, at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and (d) optionally, a pH adjuster, where the pharmaceutical composition is antioxidant-free, and formulated as a ready-to-dilute or ready-to-use liquid composition suitable for parenteral administration. The invention further relates to methods for manufacturing stable, antioxidant-free injectable solutions of bendamustine.

Abstract: Provided is an alkynyl(hetero)aromatic compound having an inhibitory effect to protein tyrosine kinase, a pharmaceutical composition comprising same, preparation and usage thereof. Specifically, disclosed is an alkynyl(hetero)aromatic compound as shown in formula (I), wherein rings A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, L, and B are defined in the description, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a stereoisomer, a solvate, a hydrate, a crystal form, a prodrug or an isotopic variant thereof. The compound can be used for treating and/or preventing protein tyrosine kinase-related diseases, such as anti-tumor.