Abstract: Optical cavities in a stacked organic light emitting device (SOLEDs) can shift or attenuate the light emitted by the individual organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) in the stack. Interference caused by reflections within the stack, absorption, positioning of the light source, and the polarization of the emitted light can all determine how the spectra of the emitted light are affected by the SOLED structure. A detailed model that provides a good fit to measured SOLED emissions can be used to predict how a SOLED will affect light emitted by OLEDs. As a result, SOLED geometries that will optimize color saturation and external quantum efficiency can be predicted.

Abstract: A shadow mask is arranged to face an inner surface of a substantially rectangular face panel. The shadow mask has a substantially rectangular mask body which has a number of apertures for passing an electron beam, and a rectangular mask frame which supports a peripheral edge portion of the mask body. The mask body is curved in a short axis direction, and is fixed to the mask frame in a state that an internal stress of a direction making small a radius of curvature of the short axis direction is applied.

Abstract: Each electrode comprises a shaft (6) and a head (5), the shaft being sealed in a vacuum-tight fashion in each case in an end region (2, 22) of the discharge vessel. At least one electrode is cooled by virtue of the fact that its shaft contains a cooling tube system in which a coolant (11) circulates. Said cooling tube system is surrounded at a spacing by an additional enveloping tube (9, 16), the interspace (10, 20) between the enveloping tube and cooling tube system being fitted with a means of thermal insulation.

Abstract: An electron-emitting element comprises a diamond substrate, and a diamond protrusion grown on a surface of the diamond substrate so as to have a pointed portion in a form capable of emitting an electron. Since the diamond protrusion formed by growth has a sharply pointed tip portion, it can fully emit electrons. Preferably, the surface of the diamond substrate is a {100} face, and the diamond protrusion is surrounded by {111} faces.

Abstract: A method and an accompanied apparatus for aligning an electron emitter with an extractor hole of a microcolumn. Four V-grooves, defined together with the window for forming the membrane and having bottoms situated on two axis are microfabricated on a chip. The axis intersect at a right angle and defines a center point for the extractor hole. The V-grooves are then used as references to align the electron emitter with the extractor hole, one axis at a time. The emitter is precisely aligned to the extractor hole because the extractor hole was formed with reference to the V-grooves. The thickness of the chip is used as the spacing reference between the emitter and the extractor.

Abstract: An electron field-emission display comprises one or more display cell structures, each having a field-emission cathode and an anode comprising at least one of several cathodoluminescent phosphors disclosed. The display cell structures may also have one or more gate elements for controlling electron current flowing from cathode to anode when suitable electrical bias voltages are applied. A cell may have more than one phosphor, and in particular may have red, green, and blue phosphors selectively arranged. Each pixel site may have one anode of each color phosphor. The phosphors are preferably prepared in situ in an electrically-conductive thin-film or surface-layer form during fabrication of the display. A preferred fabrication process integrates an etch stop with the in situ phosphor process, the etch stop precisely defining the depth of an opening in the display cell structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a spacer used in a flat panel display. At the first printing process, a printing mask produces a primary spacer on a substrate. After removing the printing mask, a supporting plate having a hole to excess the primary spacer is placed on the substrate and then the printing mask is rearranged on the supporting plate. A subsequent printing process is applied repeatedly to the printing mask with the supporting plate to extend the height of the primary spacer to the amount of the thickness of the supporting plate, thereby producing an elongated finished spacer.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to prevent deterioration of a transparent electrically-conductive film which forms display electrodes, so as to enhance the reliability of display electrodes. In an AC type plasma display panel including a plurality of display electrodes X & Y formed of a transparent electrically-conductive film or a multiple layer of a transparent electrically-conductive film plus a metal film a width of which is narrower therethan, and a dielectric layer to cover the display electrodes from the discharge space, the dielectric layer is formed by the use of a ZnO-containing glass material containing substantially none of lead. Moreover, the display electrodes are protected by coating the dielectric layer so far as the ends of display electrodes; and the coating is removed afterwards by etching, etc.

Abstract: A warm white fluorescent lamp wherein the visual clarity index of said lamp is in a range from 121 to 145 inclusive, the correlated color temperature of its light color is in a range from 2700 K to 3150 K inclusive, and the chromaticity point of said light color is located within a chromaticity range where distance of chromaticity point from the Planckian locus on the CIE 1960 uv chromaticity diagram is not less than -0.005 and not greater than +0.005.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a pair of substrates and electrodes extending in row direction of display to generate a surface discharge across a pair of the electrodes. In the panel, at least one electrode of the electrode pair for generating the surface discharge is formed in the shape of a comb having a base portion extending in row direction of display and a tooth portion composed of a number of teeth extending from the base portion towards the other electrode. And an arrangement pitch of the teeth is 1/n of an arrangement pitch of cells in row direction of display, in which n is an integer more than or equal to two.

Abstract: A spark plug with a plug screw outer diameter D of 10 mm-12 mm, wherein the length A of the discharge gap 6, the width B of the gas volume 7, the protruding length C of the insulator 2 with respect to the fitting piece 1, the diameter F of the center electrode 3, the end diameter G of the noble metal tip 51 and the protruding height H of the noble metal tip 51 with respect to the center electrode 3 are within the following ranges:0.9 mm.ltoreq.A.ltoreq.1.35 mm, (10/9)A.ltoreq.B, 1.0 mm.ltoreq.C.ltoreq.2.5 mm, 10 mm.ltoreq.D.ltoreq.12 mm, 2.0 mm.ltoreq.F.ltoreq.2.7 mm, 0.6 mm.ltoreq.G.ltoreq.0.9 mm, and 0.3 mm.ltoreq.H.ltoreq.1.0 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of assembly, in a furnace in vacuum conditions or under a neutral atmosphere, of two parallel plates leaving a closed internal space, consisting, in a first step, of performing a peripheral sealing by means of a first seal fusible at a first temperature, while maintaining open at least one opening of communication with the internal space and, in a second step, of closing the opening by means of a closing element with the interposition of a second seal fusible at a second temperature lower than the first temperature.

Abstract: A display device includes a cathode plate having a minute field emission cathode to emit electrons into an area defining a pixel, a spacer support member, and an anode plate placed between the cathode plate and the spacer support member, the anode plate having a fluorescent layer in the area defining the pixel, wherein the spacer support member is provided with a plurality of pole members for contacting the cathode plate and supporting the cathode plate against atmospheric pressure, the pole members extending vertically toward the cathode plate from a surface of the spacer support member and passing through a plurality of through-holes provided on the anode plate without contacting the anode plate.

Abstract: A holder for maintaining an apertured shadow mask in fixed relation to the display screen of a color cathode ray tube (CRT) includes the combination of a mounting stud attached to an inner portion of the CRT's glass envelope and an apertured resilient metal holder attached to the shadow mask's peripheral frame and adapted to receive the mounting stud in a tight-fitting manner. A plurality of such mounting stud/metal holder combinations securely attach the top, bottom and lateral edges of the shadow mask frame to adjacent inner portions of the CRT's glass envelope adjacent its display screen. Heating of the shadow mask caused by the CRT's electron beams incident thereon gives rise to heating and thermal expansion of the shadow mask metal holders.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube has at least an electron gun, constituted by a cathode for forming a plurality of electron beams arranged in line and a plurality of electrodes, and a fluorescent screen, wherein the plurality of electrodes including an anode are arranged in the axial direction of the tube and have dissimilar potentials, and a main lens is constituted of the anode and another electrode neighboring the anode. The electrode neighboring the anode includes at least two division electrodes having the same potential and being arranged with a gap in the axial direction of the tube, and one of the division electrodes is opposed to the anode and has, in the opposed surface thereof, a single opening for passing the plurality of electron beams in common. The one division electrode opposed to the anode has a length in the axial direction of the tube that is from about 1.0 to about 1.6 times as great as the diameter of the single opening in a direction at right angles with the in-line direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cathode ray tube comprising the steps of providing a stem with a flange having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of a bottom end of a neck and smaller than or identical with an outer diameter of the bottom end of the neck, applying a liquefied frit glass onto an upper portion of the flange, hardening the liquefied frit glass applied on the upper portion of the flange, mounting an electron gun onto the stem, fitting the stem into the inside of the neck such that the upper portion of the flange applied with the frit glass contacts a bottom end of the neck, and providing a frit seal between the upper portion of the flange and the bottom end of the neck by heat-treating the frit glass between them.

Abstract: A display device includes a non-linear element including an inorganic ferroelectric material in a polycrystalline state and a display medium driven through the non-linear element.

Abstract: An inventive spacing structure is a unitary structure of uniform height including a multitude of rail members framed by and interconnected with a multitude of frame members. The frame and rail members project between a flat panel display's face and base panels across a substantial area of their facing surfaces. As a result, the unitary spacing structure spaces a substantial portion of the face panel away from the base panel in a substantially parallel spaced apart relationship with the base panel. Because the inventive spacing structure is a unitary structure, it can be conveniently manufactured apart from the flat panel display and then easily aligned with the image generating apparatus of the display. Thus, the unitary spacing structure can help to make flat panel displays less difficult, time-consuming and costly to manufacture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-pressure discharge lamp of the double-ended type having excellent resistance to high-pressure and wherein the internal diameter of a portion of the high-pressure discharge lamp where a light-emitting section and a side tube are adjacent can be reduced without restricting the maximum diameter of an electrode on a side where it projects into the light-emitting section. An electrode assembly 105 is arranged within an evacuated glass bulb 2 such that an end of electrode 102 where a coil 102b is wound is positioned within the light-emitting section 3. In this condition, the portion where the light-emitting section 3 and the side tube 4a (4b) are adjacent is heated by a burner 300. The internal diameter of the side tube 4a (4b) can thereby be formed with a reduced-diameter section 7, whose diameter is smaller than that of the electrode rod 102a without restricting the diameter at the location of the coil 102b.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope includes a flat face plate having a phosphor screen formed on the inner surface of the face plate, and a flat rear plate opposed to the face plate with a side wall interposed therebetween. A plurality of funnels extend from the rear plate, and electron guns are respectively enclosed in the necks of the funnels. The rear plate and the plurality of funnels are integrally formed of one single plate glass and are joined to face plate through the side wall. A plurality of reference surfaces are formed on the inner surface of the rear plate, and ends of the plate support members are respectively fixed to the reference surfaces.