Abstract: A sample holder enables easy control of a progress rate of a chemical reaction of a sample to be observed and facilitates observation of the chemical reaction. A sample holder includes a cylindrical holder outer cylinder, a sample holding section that is connected to one end of the holder outer cylinder and holds a sample, a gas reservoir tank that is connected to another end of the holder outer cylinder and stores gas, an orifice for ejecting the gas stored in the gas reservoir tank into the holder outer cylinder, and a valve for controlling a flow of the gas stored in the gas reservoir tank into the orifice. The sample holding section has an open end for discharging the gas supplied from the gas reservoir tank and having passed through the sample.

Abstract: A device may include an atomic cell with a first wall. A device may include a photonic integrated circuit positioned parallel to the atomic cell first wall, the photonic integrated circuit comprising: a set of three grating emitters mounted on the photonic integrated circuit around a circumference with a spacing of around 120 degrees, wherein each grating emitter is etched to emit free-space beams on to the first wall of the atomic cell at a selected angle, wherein the selected angle in combination with the circumference results in the set of free-space beams intersecting at a location inside the atomic cell.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer includes an ionization assembly including an ionization chamber and at least one ion lens. The removable ionization assembly has a primary axis defined by the direction of an ion beam exiting the ionization assembly, and the ionization chamber and the at least one ion lens arranged along the primary axis. The mass spectrometer further includes an electron source aligned along the primary axis of the ionization assembly and a magnet assembly including a magnet. The electron source configured to provide an electron beam parallel to the primary axis. The magnet assembly movable between a first position in which the magnet is positioned to allow removal of the ion source and a second position in which the magnet is aligned with the electron source.

Abstract: A bidirectional sterilization type console arm rest device includes a first sterilization light generator configured to generate visible light emitted to front surfaces of belongings in an arm rest, and a second sterilization light generator configured to generate visible light emitted to rear surfaces of belongings in a console inner space. Therefore, sterilization by the visible light can solve the problem of harmfulness to the human body and the problem of light directivity and transmittance and maximize a sterilization effect by light diffusion of a light guiding film and, particularly, due to a separation structure of a light source and a light guiding film, the light guiding film also comes out of a belongings storage space so that usability of the tray as well as utilization of the storage space can be increased.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer is disclosed comprising: an ion detector; ion optics for guiding ions to the ion detector; one or more voltage supply for supplying voltages to said ion optics; control circuitry for controlling the one or more voltage supply so as to switch the ion optics between operating in a first mode in which the ion optics are unable to transmit ions having a first mass to charge ratio or first polarity to the ion detector and a second mode in which the ion optics are able to transmit ions having said first mass to charge ratio or first polarity to the ion detector for a time period; and to repeatedly switch between the first and second modes a plurality of times; and a processor and circuitry configured to: (i) determine the intensity of an ion signal detected by the detector at a first time in each of the time periods that the ion optics are in the second mode; and (ii) determine the intensity of the ion signal detected by the detector at a second, later time in each of the time periods that the i

Abstract: An artificial light whitening treatment for golf balls is disclosed herein. The whitening treatment can be used for golf balls recovered from water hazards, in one aspect. The whitening treatment can be an artificial light treatment comprised of a xenon arc lamp, in one example. The treatment can be configured to whiten golf balls while avoiding using known synthetic chemical based whitening techniques or solutions.

Abstract: A compound is separated or introduced from a sample at a plurality of different times. The compound is ionized, producing an ion beam. The compound is selected and mass analyzed or the compound is selected, fragmented, and fragments of the compound are analyzed from the ion beam at the plurality of different times, producing a plurality of mass spectra. An XIC is calculated for the compound using the plurality of mass spectra. A chemical structure of the compound received in notation form is converted to a numerical vector using a processing algorithm operable to convert the notation form to the numerical vector. A plurality of peak shape parameters is calculated for the compound using the numerical vector and a machine trained model. A peak of the XIC is identified as a peak of the compound using the plurality of peak shape parameters and optionally a peak integration algorithm.

Abstract: A sterilization device has been disclosed. The sterilization device comprises a toroidal housing having an outer wall, an inner wall, and a central cavity to receive an object to be sterilized. The toroidal housing comprises a thermionic cathode to release primary electrons, an anode grid to attract and accelerate the primary electrons to obtain accelerated primary electrons, and an anode wire to pull additional electrons released from a gas plasma discharge within the toroidal housing. The anode wire may accelerate the additional electrons and the accelerated primary electrons to create a spray of accelerated electrons that may be released through the inner wall. The spray of accelerated electrons may collide with the object to sterilize the object.

Abstract: A system may include a substrate stage to support a substrate, and a plurality of beam sources. The plurality of beam sources may include an ion beam source, the ion beam source arranged to direct an ion beam to the substrate, and a radical beam source, the radical beam source arranged to direct a radical beam to the substrate. The system may include a controller configured to control the ion beam source and the radical beam source to operate independently of one another, in at least one aspect, wherein the at least one aspect includes beam composition, beam angle of incidence, and relative scanning of a beam source with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for assigning charge state in mass spectrometry includes receiving a detector response signal corresponding to a plurality of ion arrival events. The detector response signal includes information related to individual ion responses generated by a detector for each ion arrival event. Detector response profiles are generated for mass-to-charge (m/z) bins of a mass spectrum generated from the ion arrival events based on the detector response signal. The m/z bins are grouped into a plurality of groups based on a similarity of the detector response profiles of the m/z bins. A charge state is assigned to one or more features based on the groups of m/z bins.

Abstract: Systems and methods for acquiring measurements of structures of a bonded sample are disclosed. Such systems and methods may include determining a first registration measurement of a first registration structure and a first interface target structure of a first sample, and a second registration measurement of a second sample prior to coupling the samples together. Such systems and methods may include, after such a coupling of the samples, determining a third registration measurement of the coupled sample at least partially by measuring the first registration structure through the top face of the first sample. Such systems and methods may include acquiring an overlay measurement based on the first registration measurement, the second registration measurement, and the third registration measurement. Such systems and methods may include adjusting an inter-sample coupling recipe based on the overlay measurement, where the inter-sample coupling recipe may include a final bonding recipe.

Abstract: A variable thickness energy selection system for use in a charged particle therapy system is arranged within the nozzle housing downstream of monitoring systems, such as a dose monitor and spot position monitor. This positions the energy selection system proximal to the patient. The thickness of an absorber within the energy selection system can be varied quickly without requiring the ion beam to be turned off between energy selections, thereby allowing for rapid control of the energy selection of the ion beam. The absorber may include one or more high density solid absorbers, or a high-density liquid absorber contained in a closed fluid dynamic system that includes an enclosure positioned within the beam path and a reservoir positioned outside of the beam path.

Abstract: Assessment systems and methods are disclosed. In one arrangement, an effect of electrode distortion in an objective lens array is compensated. An electrode distortion is adjusted by varying an electrostatic field in the objective lens array. The adjustment is such as to compensate for an effect of electrode distortion on sub-beams of a multi-beam impinging on a sample. A sub-beam is refocused in response to the variation in electrostatic field in the objective lens array. The adjusting and the refocusing comprises changing potentials applied to at least two electrodes of the objective lens array.

Abstract: A mass spectrometry method comprises: choosing an RF drive frequency that best optimizes isolation of a precursor ion species of interest by a quadrupole mass filter (QMF); isolating the precursor ion species by passing ions through the QMF while the chosen RF drive frequency is applied thereto; fragmenting the precursor ion species, thereby generating a plurality of first-generation fragment ion species; returning the plurality of first-generation fragment ion species to an inlet end of the QMF; choosing a second quadrupole RF drive frequency that best optimizes isolation of a first-generation fragment ion species of interest by the QMF; isolating the first-generation fragment ion species of interest by passing the fragment ions through the QMF while the second chosen RF drive frequency is applied thereto; fragmenting the chosen first-generation fragment ion species of interest, thereby generating a plurality of second-generation fragment ion species; and mass analyzing the second-generation fragment ion spe

Abstract: Ion implantation systems and methods implant varying energies of an ion beam across a workpiece in a serial single-workpiece end station, where electrodes of an acceleration/deceleration stage, bend electrode and/or energy filter control a final energy or path of the ion beam to the workpiece. The bend electrode or an energy filter can form part of the acceleration/deceleration stage or can be positioned downstream. A scanning apparatus scans the ion beam and/or the workpiece, and a power source provides varied electrical bias signals to the electrodes. A controller selectively varies the electrical bias signals concurrent with the scanning of the ion beam and/or workpiece through the ion beam based on a desired ion beam energy at the workpiece. A waveform generator can provide the variation and synchronize the electrical bias signals supplied to the acceleration/deceleration stage, bend electrode and/or energy filter.

Abstract: Methods for acquiring mass spectral data of a sample across at least a portion of an m/z range include receiving mass spectral data of the sample across the m/z range. The m/z range is partitioned into one or more sets of m/z sub-ranges, each set comprising one or more m/z sub-ranges, by dividing the m/z range into a plurality of m/z bins, determining an indication of ion abundance for each m/z bin, based on the mass spectral data, and forming an m/z sub-range of the one or more sets of m/z sub-ranges by assigning m/z bins having ion abundances that correspond to at least a threshold degree to the formed m/z sub-range. A mass analysis is performed on the sample for each set of m/z sub-ranges, thereby acquiring one or more partial mass spectral data sets.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a scientific instrument includes an electron-beam column configured to scan an electron beam across a sample. The electron-beam column includes a beam blanker configured to gate the electron beam in response to a drive signal. The scientific instrument also includes an electron detector configured to measure a flux of transmitted or scattered electrons having interacted with the sample and an electronic controller configured to acquire an image of the sample using values of the flux measured with the electron detector for a plurality of electron-beam scan locations. The electronic controller is further configured to cause the drive signal to have a gating frequency at which the image has a moiré pattern therein.

Abstract: A method of adjusting a position of an electrode within a nebulizer probe of a mass spectrometry device having an open port interface for receiving a sample includes performing a first analysis of the sample at a first analysis condition including a first position of the electrode and a first flow rate. After performing the first analysis, a second analysis of the sample is performed at a second analysis condition including the first position of the electrode and a second flow rate higher than the first flow rate. Thereafter, a third analysis of the sample is performed at a third analysis condition including a second position of the electrode and the second flow rate.

Abstract: Provided is a stage device comprising a stage, a Z-axis motor that magnetically floats the stage, and an X-axis motor that drives, in one axial direction within a plane, the stage floated by the Z-axis motor, wherein: the X-axis motor is provided with an X-axis coil, a pair of X-axis magnets that face each other and that sandwich the X-axis coil in the vertical direction without contacting the X-axis coil, and an X-axis yoke that holds the pair of X-axis magnets; the Z-axis motor is provided with a Z-axis coil, a Z-axis magnet, and a Z-axis yoke that holds the Z-axis magnet; and the Z-axis motor is disposed at a position that is below the X-axis motor such that the magnetic field which has leaked from the Z-axis motor is blocked by the X-axis yoke. Thus, it is possible to suppress magnetic field leakage and to perform high-speed positioning.

Abstract: Systems or techniques are provided for facilitating idle-triggered diagnostics for scientific instruments. In various embodiments, a scientific instrument can comprise a mass spectrometer coupled to a chromatograph. In various aspects, the scientific instrument can determine, via a temperature sensor of the chromatograph or via a clock of the mass spectrometer, whether the scientific instrument is in an idle-time period. In various instances, the scientific instrument can, in response to a determination that the scientific instrument is in the idle-time period, apply one or more electronic control signals to the mass spectrometer or to the chromatograph, measure one or more resultant ion spectra via an ion detector of the mass spectrometer, and determine whether the mass spectrometer or the chromatograph is operating correctly based on the one or more resultant ion spectra.