Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on a substrate, a holding portion for holding an optical element which propagates light toward the projection optical system, a mask which is arranged on or near a plane of an image of the optical element formed by the projection optical system and has a transmission portion, an actuator for driving the optical element along one of focal planes of the projection optical system, and a measurement device for measuring an intensity of light which emerges from the optical element, and passes through the projection optical system and the transmission portion of the mask, while the optical element is driven. The measurement device is disposed at a point in a plane conjugate to a pupil plane of the projection optical system or a point in a plane spaced apart from the mask enough to separately detect respective rays emerging from plural points of the plane.

Abstract: A method and device for optical measurements are presented for determining the concentration of a substance in patient's blood. Optical measurement sessions are applied to a measurement location in a blood containing medium during certain time period. The optical measurements include illumination of the measurement location with incident light of at least one selected wavelength, detection, at each measurement session, of at least two light responses of the medium characterized by at least two different polarization states of detected light, respectively, and generation of data representative thereof. Measured data so obtained is in the form of at least two time variations of the light responses of the medium characterized by different polarization states of detected light, respectively, a relation between the time variations being indicative of the concentration of the substance in blood.

Abstract: The invention concerned is a money tray with casing whose lid contains an illuminated area, illuminable by at least one light medium which is located within the casing, and which has at one end of the casing a testing device for banknotes and/or credit cards. This design firstly offers the advantage of eye-catching advertising. At the same time it is possible to test the banknotes placed on it for their authenticity. The light sources required for this can have a shared electricity supply, so that only one electric cable is necessary and space on the counter is not unnecessarily restricted.