Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes barrier walls that contact a first and second substrate to form a plurality of cubicles (spaces) arranged in a matrix shape for containing an electrophoretic dispersion liquid. A series of cubicles communicate with each other through an opening to contain the same color electrophoretic dispersion liquid. Adjacent series of cubicles can be filled with an electrophoretic dispersion liquid having a different color. Series of cubicles for containing the same color electrophoretic dispersion liquid may be formed in a staggered, diagonal, or honeycomb shape.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a rotatable optical element rotated stepwise only in a forward direction to produce a specific photographic effect; a manual operation device which selectively generates a forward rotation signal indicating a number of angular steps of the rotatable optical element, and a reverse rotation signal indicating a number of angular steps of the rotatable optical element; and a rotation controller which rotates the rotatable optical element in the forward direction by the number of angular steps upon inputting the forward rotation signal, and rotates the rotatable optical element in the forward direction upon inputting the reverse rotation signal by a number of angular steps that is obtained by subtracting the number of angular steps from a number of angular steps for one full rotation of the rotatable optical element.