Abstract: A refrigeration composition containing at least one ester formed by esterification of a hydroxycarboxylic acid component and an alcohol component, the hydroxycarboxylic acid component chosen from hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising more than one carboxylic acid group, hydroxystearic acid, hydroxylauric acid, hydroxydecanoic acid, hydroxyarachidic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hydroxylinoleic acid, hydroxyerucic acid, hydroxyarachidonic acid, ricinoleic acid, and combinations thereof, and the alcohol component containing at least one alcohol; and a base oil lubricant chosen from alkylbenzenes, alkylated naphthenics, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinylethers, polyalphaolefins, mineral oils, polyol esters, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition and a process for the preparation of chemical activated cold setting fly ash building construction materials. The chemical activator is an alkaline aqueous solution of 11.2 to 13.6 in pH and 1.25 to 1.40 gm/cc in density which contains admixtures of different concentrations of hydroxyl, sulfate, acetate and chloride bearing chemical salts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and aluminum in water medium. The reaction of chemical activator solution and the mineral constituents of fly ash mix develop binding property. The binding matrix of chemical activated fly ash mix is mostly hydrous silica and silicate group of phases which on setting under atmospheric condition attains strength suitable for building construction application. Utilization of fly ash of any source by weight ranges from 80 to 99% in manufacture of building materials including heat and acid resistance and toxic waste disposal products.

Abstract: A selenium/Group 3a ink, comprising (a) a selenium/Group 3a complex which comprises a combination of, as initial components: a selenium component comprising selenium; a carboxylic acid component having a formula R—COOH, wherein R is selected from a C1-10 alkyl, C1-10 haloalkyl and a C1-10 mercaptoalkyl; a Group 3a complex, comprising at least one Group 3a material selected from aluminum, indium, gallium and thallium complexed with a multidentate ligand; and, (b) a liquid carrier; wherein the selenium/Group 3a complex is stably dispersed in the liquid carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cellulose esters having low hydroxyl content for use in optical applications, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) films. Films made with low hydroxyl levels and a given ratio of non-acetyl ester to hydroxyl level have been found to have low intrinsic birefringence. These films can be cast, molded, or otherwise oriented without an appreciable birefringence or optical distortion (i.e. retardation). Such features make these films useful in polarizer, protective, and compensator films as well as molded optical parts, such as lenses. Furthermore, it has also been found that resins of the present invention can also be made to have “+C plate” behavior either by melt or solvent based processing, a characteristic which is not typical of cellulose esters. Such +C behavior allows films to be produced having unique compensatory behavior. Other embodiments of the invention relate to methods melt casting films while minimizing birefringence formation.

Abstract: The method for producing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery is characterized by including (1) a forming step of forming a sheet-form compact containing, as raw substances, a lithium compound serving as a first ingredient, a compound of a transition metal other than lithium serving as a second ingredient, and at least one of boron oxide and vanadium oxide serving as a third ingredient; and (2) a firing step of firing the compact at 700 to 1,300° C.

Abstract: A method for forming a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester suitable for use in fibers is provided. In one embodiment, for example, an aliphatic-aromatic copolyester is melt blended with an alcohol to initiate an alcoholysis reaction that results in a copolyester having one or more hydroxyalkyl or alkyl terminal groups. By selectively controlling the alcoholysis conditions (e.g., alcohol and copolymer concentrations, catalysts, temperature, etc.), a modified aliphatic-aromatic copolyester may be achieved that has a molecular weight lower than the starting aliphatic-aromatic polymer. Such lower molecular weight polymers also have the combination of a higher melt flow index and lower apparent viscosity, which is useful in a wide variety of fiber forming applications, such as in the meltblowing of nonwoven webs.

Abstract: Unsaturated organic compounds are brominated with a quaternary ammonium tribromide or a quaternary phosphonium tribromide, especially when the bromination is conducted in a chlorinated solvent. A quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium monobromide salt is produced in the reaction, together with some amount of quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium monochloride salt. The monochloride salt is converted to the corresponding quaternary ammonium monobromide salt by reacting it with a source of bromide ions. The monobromide salt is then reacted with bromine to regenerate the quaternary ammonium or phosphonium tribromide, which is recycled into the bromination reaction. This process reduces the amount of chlorine that is incorporated into the brominated product.

Abstract: There is provided a flip-chip mounting resin composition which can be used for a flip-chip mounting process that is high in productivity and reliability and thus can be applicable to a flip-chip mounting of a next-generation LSI. This flip-chip mounting resin composition comprises a resin, metal particles and a convection additive 12 that boils upon heating the resin 13. Upon the heating of the resin 13, the metal particles melt and the boiling convection additive 12 convects within the resin 13. This flip-chip mounting resin composition is supplied between a circuit substrate 10 and a semiconductor chip 20, and subsequently the resin 13 is heated so that the molten metal particles self-assemble into the region between each electrode of the circuit substrate and each electrode of the semiconductor chip. As a result, an electrical connection is formed between each electrode of the circuit substrate and each electrode of the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to formation of nanocubes of sillenite type compounds, such as bismuth titanate, i.e., Bi12TiO20, nanocubes, via a hydrothermal synthesis process, with the resulting compound(s) having multifunctional properties such as being useful in solar energy conversion, environmental remediation, and/or energy storage, for example. In one embodiment, a hydrothermal method is disclosed that transforms nanoparticles of TiO2 to bismuth titanate, i.e., Bi12TiO20, nanocubes, optionally loaded with palladium nanoparticles. The method includes reacting titanium dioxide nanotubes with a bismuth salt in an acidic bath at a temperature sufficient and for a time sufficient to form bismuth titanate crystals, which are subsequently annealed to form bismuth titanate nanocubes. After annealing, the bismuth titanate nanocubes may be optionally loaded with nano-sized metal particles, e.g., nanosized palladium particles.

Abstract: A Ni—, Co—, and Mn— multi-element doped positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries and its preparation method are provided. The method for preparing said material consists of: first forming a Ni—, Co—, and Mn— multi-element doped intermediate compound by coprecipitation or chemical synthesis; mixing said multi-element intermediate compound with lithium salt and pre-processing the resulting mixture; adding polyvinyl alcohol into the mixture and mixing uniformly, then pressing the resulting mixture into blocks, and calcining these at 800˜930° C.; cooling outside the furnace, crushing and passing through a 400-mesh sieve; calcining the resulting powder at 700˜800° C., cooling outside the furnace and crushing to obtain the product. The positive electrode material obtained by the method described is in the form of non-agglomerated monocrystal particles, with a particle diameter of 0 5˜30 ?m, the chemical formula LiNixCoyMnzM(1-x-y-z)O2, a compacted density of up to 3.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula (I) AaMbPcOd??(I) in which the variables are each defined as follows: M is at least one transition metal selected from Co, Ni, Mn, Fe and Cr, A is Li or LixNa1-x where x is in the range from 0.2 to 1.0, a is in the range from 3.5 to 4.5, b is in the range from 0.8 to 1.2, c is in the range from 1.8 to 2.2 and d is in the range from 7.2 to 8.8.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which contains a complex oxide mainly containing sodium, nickel and a tetravalent metal while having a hexagonal structure. This positive electrode active material enables to obtain a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high operating voltage. The complex oxide is preferably expressed as Na[Na(1/3-2x/3)Ni(x-y)M(2/3-x/3-y)A2y]O2 (wherein M represents one or more tetravalent metals, A represents one or more trivalent metals, 0<x?0.5, 0?y<1/6, and x>y).

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide composite materials used for fixing members that can include silsesquioxane-based particles and/or carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polymer matrix.

Abstract: A Fe—Co hybrid catalyst for oxygen reaction reduction was prepared by a two part process. The first part involves reacting an ethyleneamine with a cobalt-containing precursor to form a cobalt-containing complex, combining the cobalt-containing complex with an electroconductive carbon supporting material, heating the cobalt-containing complex and carbon supporting material under conditions suitable to convert the cobalt-containing complex and carbon supporting material into a cobalt-containing catalyst support. The second part of the process involves polymerizing an aniline in the presence of said cobalt-containing catalyst support and an iron-containing compound under conditions suitable to form a supported, cobalt-containing, iron-bound polyaniline species, and subjecting said supported, cobalt-containing, iron bound polyaniline species to conditions suitable for producing a Fe—Co hybrid catalyst.

Abstract: With respect to the metal colloid of the present invention, metal colloidal particles capable of forming a metal colloid by dispersing in either or both of an aqueous dispersion medium and a nonaqueous dispersion medium in a predetermined proportion while mixing, comprise metal particles and a protective agent coordination-modified on the surface of the particles, the protective agent having a carbon skeleton containing either or both of sulfur and oxygen in the molecule, and having a structure of being coordination-modified on the surface of the metal particles using an atom or an atomic group of either or both of sulfur and oxygen as an anchor, wherein the protective agent has one, or two or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of alkoxysilyl group, silanol group and hydroxyalkyl group in a molecular structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive composition which can be used to form an aqueous conductive ink with increased conductivity. The aqueous conductive composition contains conductive particles, preferably silver, an anionic wetting agent and a styrene-acrylic copolymer. The composition is highly conductive and requires reduced drying energy. In addition, it may be applied to low cost substrates by high speed printing processes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a high compact density nickel-cobalt-manganese multi-element lithium ion battery cathode material with dopants and methods of its preparation. A preparation method of this battery cathode material is as follows: (A) preparing a nickel-cobalt-manganese multi-element intermediate with dopants by co-precipitation or chemical synthesis; (B) preparing a mixture by mixing said multi-element intermediate with a lithium salt; (C) pre-treating the said mixture, then adding into it polyvinyl alcohol and mixing uniformly; (D) pressing the resulting material into lumps, calcining the lumps at 800˜950° C., cooling after its removal from the furnace, crushing, passing through a 400 mesh sieve; (E) calcining the resulting power at 700˜800° C., cooling after its removal from the furnace, crushing and sieving to obtain a product. The lithium battery cathode material obtained using the above-described method has the formula LiNixCoyMnzM(1-x-y-z)O2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a conductive composition which can be used to form an aqueous conductive ink with increased conductivity. A film of the dry ink having a thickness of 5 microns or less has a surface roughness of less than 1.5 times the surface roughness of a cellulosic-based substrate which it coats. The aqueous conductive composition contains conductive particles, preferably silver, an anionic wetting agent and a styrene-acrylic copolymer. The composition is highly conductive and requires reduced drying energy. In addition, it may be applied to low cost substrates by high speed printing processes.

Abstract: Thermochromic microparticles including vanadium dioxide (VO2) particles of a rutile crystal phase (R phase), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles of the rutile crystal phase (R phase), wherein at least one of the vanadium dioxide (VO2) particles of a rutile crystal phase (R phase) is grown like a rod on the titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles to be larger than sizes of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube-polymer composite includes a polymer continuous phase having at least a first polymer, and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in the polymer continuous phase. The carbon nanotubes are non-functionalized nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes are between 0.05 and 40 weight % of the composite. At least 98% of the carbon nanotubes are not involved in nanotube bundles.