Abstract: A manhole cover support with a fixed-sized top flange is shown. The cover support is adaptable to standardizing on the manhole cover size and inventory of covers for group of manhole installations having geometrically similar but somewhat varying sizes, this as well as being useful for holding the cover level or inclined, at a new, higher grades while also permitting the efficient establishment of the new cover height elevation and adjustment of the same. The cover support comprises a top peripheral flange having a seat for a manhole cover and a cover keeper that rises from the outer periphery of the seat, and a base fitting into the confines of the cover keeper of an existing manhole cover-receiving structure such as a manhole frame, the base supporting the flange, and being in a slidable engagement therewith.

Abstract: To make a reinforced concrete bridge or culvert 10, flat reinforced concrete plates 14A, 14B serving as longitudinally extending side plates and concrete folded plates 18A, 18B serving as shell-like cross members extending from side plate to side plate are formed and carried to the site. Two substantially flat side plates are mounted on drilled piers, driven piles, or other deep foundation structures at their bottom end and extend substantially vertically upward. The cross members are high moment of inertia per unit of weight, thin structures that are mounted on bottom ledges of the two substantially flat parallel vertical side walls and extend laterally between the two to support filler or other parts of the roadway between the side walls.

Abstract: An impact attenuator to absorb the impact energy of vehicle collisions. The attenuator includes a fiberglass shell which forms an interior cavity. Located within this cavity are a plurality of empty aluminum beverage cans. The cans are arranged in a three dimensional array having a number of horizontally planar rows. Each of the rows includes a plurality of columns, with each column being formed of a number of cans in end-to-end relation. The columns are aligned such that their longitudinal axes are parallel to the anticipated direction of impact, such that they will be forces to buckle under impact and thereby absorb a portion of the impact energy. The rows may each be placed in a tray-like divider having a peripheral lip to maintain the row's configuration. The entire array of cans may be surrounded by burlap to maintain the array configuration and prevent scattering of the cans after impact.

Abstract: A manhole cover comprises a top having a top surface and an edge portion, a depending portion having a sidewall and a bottom surface, and an interior chamber. The manhole cover is fabricated from a first material, while the interior chamber is at least partially filled with a second material. The manhole cover preferably includes recessed handles which are recessed into the top and extend downwardly through the bottom surface. Cooperative engagement means in the form of inter-fitting indentations and protuberances are provided in the top surface and the bottom surface respectively. The bottom surface includes a first surface portion which includes a peripheral edge portion and a bracing portion. The bracing portion includes a plurality of brace members each of which have a lower brace surface and a brace sidewall.