Abstract: Copolymers of ethylene with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids are prepared at from 50.degree. to 250.degree. C. and from 500 to 5000 bar in a stirred autoclave having a length/diameter ratio greater than 5:1 by a process in which the monomer mixtures are fed into the autoclave in at least two part-streams, the first part-stream being passed into the autoclave at the beginning of the autoclave pipe and the second part-stream being introduced at a position which is a distance away from the beginning which corresponds to 25-50% of the total length and the amount of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids in the first part-stream is from 20 to 90% less than the average amount in the further part-streams and a peroxide polymerization initiator having a lower decomposition temperature, or a mixture of peroxide polymerization initiators having a lower average decomposition temperature, than that of the initiators in the further part-streams is passed in with the first part-stream.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and n-alkyl trifluorovinyl ether which further contain either curesite repeat units and/or iodine. Such curesite repeat units, upon exposure to free radicals, may crosslink the copolymers. The iodine is introduced by carrying out free radical polymerization in the presence of an organic iodide chain transfer agent. The polymers according to the invention are especially useful as elastomers and/or as molding resins for articles or parts that may be exposed to a basic environment. The preparation of such polymers by aqueous emulsion polymerization is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved process for producing water-soluble and water-insoluble carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers. The process comprises the steps of polymerizing a carboxylic acid monomer, and a polyfunctional cross-linker monomer in a second embodiment, in an effective molar ratio, in a silicone solvent under an inert atmosphere in the presence of an effective amount of an initiator. The preferred copolymer of the second embodiment includes acrylic acid as the carboxylic acid monomer and a lauryl methacrylate and/or stearyl methacrylate as a comonomer. The resulting copolymers have new and unexpected tolerance to salt-containing water when mixed therewith.

Abstract: A process for producing vinyl acetate polymers comprises, after polymerization of at least one monomer comprising vinyl acetate, adding a conjugated polyene having a boiling point of at least 20.degree. C. Saponified products of the vinyl acetate polymers obtained by this process can give molded articles causing little coloring and generation of gel-like agglomerates.

Abstract: A redoxcatalyst system capable of being used for free-radical emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, comprising at least one oxidizing agent and at least one reducing agent, said reducing agent comprising an at least bifunctional aldehyde having at least 3 carbon atoms which is completely masked as a bisulfite adduct.

Abstract: A heat-resistant, lubricative resin composition which is low in friction and wear-resistant, and which is less likely to attack a soft alloy such as aluminum alloy, and a heat-resistant sliding bearing formed from such resin composition. Such heat-resistant, lubricative resin composition, adapted to be brought into sliding contact with a mating member made of an aluminum alloy, may be composed of 35-74% by weight of at least one heat-resistant thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene sulfide resins, thermoplastic polyimide resins having predetermined repeating units, polyether ketone resins, polycyanoarylether resins, polyamide-imide resins, polyether imide resins, polyether sulfonic resins, 10-45% by weight of a tetrafluoroethylene resin, and 16-30% by weight of lithium phosphate.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a composition containing an activator system for free-radical polymerizations and a free-radical polymerizable compound of the general formula II:?H.sub.2 C.dbd.CR.sup.1 --C(.dbd.O)--O--R.sup.2 --O--C(.dbd.O)--NH--Q--NH--C(.dbd.O)!.sub.2 ?{--O--R.sup.4a --O--C(.dbd.O)--NH--Q'--NH--C(.dbd.O)}.sub.m --O--R.sup.4a --O--!(II)whereinm is from 0 to 10;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a methyl group;R.sup.2 is a linear or branched chain alkyl group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkylene oxide containing from 4 to 21 carbon atoms;Q and Q' independently are aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic groups containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms which are derived from the basic diisocyanate or diisocyanate mixtures; andR.sup.4a is derived from a polyesterdiol having a C:O ratio of >2.6, a C:H ratio of <10, and a molecular weight of from 1000 to 20,000.The invention further pertains to a process for the preparation of such composition and the use thereof.

Abstract: An aqueous polymerization process yields copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene that have low instability as polymerized and can by used without elaborate finishing steps.

Abstract: A polymer useful as a solid support for a variety of applications is provided. The polymer is prepared from a composition comprising at least one type of olefinic monomer and a multifunctional oxyethylene-containing meth(acrylate) crosslinker of the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: (a) R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen or a methyl group;(b) R.sup.4 is hydrogen or an organic group or substituent that can interact in the polymerization and/or crosslinking process or is nonreactive under the conditions of the polymerization and/or crosslinking process; and(c) each of l, m, and n is no greater than about 100.

Abstract: A polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) having high mechanical properties both at room temperature and at high temperatures, having very good processability and high thermochemical resistance to dehydrofluorination, is prepared by means of a polymerization process of vinylidenefluoride in aqueous emulsion at a temperature comprised between 95.degree. and 120.degree. C., in the presence of a chain transfer agent. In this way it is possible to obtain, using non-hazardous peroxidic initiators (for instance diterbutylperoxide), a PVDF particularly suitable for applications where high mechanical and thermochemical resistance properties are required, such as for instance the manufacture of articles for chemical industry (pipes, valves, fittings, tanks, heat exchangers, membranes, flanges, etc.).

Abstract: A transparent resin obtained by polymerizing styrene, a methacrylic or acrylic acid ester, a polyfunctional monomer, and if necessary a copolymerizable vinyl monomer in the presence of a molecular weight modifier is suitable for producing a polymer lens having a low specific gravity, and excellent in transparency, edging ability with other good properties.

Abstract: To provide a water- and oil-repellent agent which, when it is used to treat natural fibers such as cotton and silk, does not damage the feeling of the fibers and does shown an excellent continuation property of water- and oil-repellency effect.A fluorine system water- and oil-repellent agent comprising, as a main component, units derived from a copolymer comprising polyfluoro-oxyalkyl-containing (meth)acrylate and units derived from a dicarboxylic acid anhydride-containing (meth)acrylate.

Abstract: The present invention provides (1) curable bispropargyl-containing monomers represented by the formula: B.sup.1 --A.sup.1.sub.m --R--A.sup.2.sub.n --B.sup.2 wherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 4,4'-biphenyl, 2,6-naphthalene, --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CR.sup.2 .dbd.CR.sup.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 -- wherein R.sup.2 is H or CH.sub.3, and the same where said groups contain one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, fluoroalkyl or fluoroalkoxy, A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --C(O)--O-- and --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --O--C(O)--, m and n are 0 or 1, m+n is 0, 1 or 2, and B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 are --OCH.sub.2 --C.tbd.C--H, (2) thermoset compositions comprised of cured segments derived from monomers represented by the formula: B.sup.1 --A.sup.1.sub.m --R--A.sup.2.sub.n --B.sup.2 as described above, and (3) curable blends of at least two of the monomers.

Abstract: A process for producing a heat-resistant copolymer which comprises the emulsion polymerization of 50 to 75 parts by weight of .alpha.-methylstyrene, 5 parts by weight or less of styrene, 10 to 30 parts by weight of vinyl cyanide compound, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of ethylenically unsaturated amide, and 10 parts by weight or less of acrylic alkyl ester or methacrylic alkyl ester, in the presense of 1.0 to 30 parts of a seed latex which comprises 50 to 80 parts by weight of .alpha.-methylstyrene, 5 parts by weight or less of styrene, 15 to 30 parts by weight of vinyl cyanide compound, 10 parts by weight or less of ethylenically unsaturated amide and 10 parts by weight or less of acrylic alkyl ester or methacrylic ester.

Abstract: The anionic polymerization of unsaturated monomers with functionalized initiators having the structure R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 Si--O--A'--Li is improved by selecting A' from the structures --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(1,3-propyl), --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --(2-methyl-1,3-propyl), --CH.sub.2 --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propyl), or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(1,8-octyl). This narrow class of polymerization initiators operate at surprisingly higher polymerization temperatures with surprisingly lower amounts of dead initiator than similar initiators wherein A' is --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(1,4-butyl), --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --(1,5-pentyl), or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 13 CH.sub.2 --(1,6-hexyl).

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a resin composition which can provide an insulating resin having excellent heat resistance and flame retardance after curing and showing a low dielectric constant.A fluorine-containing photo-setting resin composition comprising a polymer containing fluorine or a fluorine-containing group represented by general formula [II]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from the group consisting of H, F, CH.sub.3 and CF.sub.3 ; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are selected from the group consisting of CH.sub.2 and CF.sub.2 ; x and y show 0 to 4 and m shows 30 to 1000, and a photopolymerization initiator, which is a solid at ambient temperature, melts between 100.degree. and 150.degree. C., has a melt viscosity of not greater than 10.sup.6 poise and is photocurable.

Abstract: In the emulsion polymerization of monomers wherein at least one monomer is substantially water insoluble, the presence in the emulsion polymerization mixture of one or more emulsifiers having the formula:[R.sup.1 O--(CH.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.x --][R.sup.2 O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.y --][R.sup.3 O--(C.sub.n H.sub.2n O).sub.z --]P.dbd.O(I)in whichR.sup.1 is a group corresponding to formula IIa or IIbCH.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.a --CH(OH)--(CH.sub.2).sub.b --CH(SO.sub.3 M)--(CH.sub.2).sub.c --CH.sub.2 -- (IIa)orCH.sub.3 --(CH.sub.2).sub.a --CH(SO.sub.3 M)--(CH.sub.2).sub.b --CH(OH)--(CH.sub.2).sub.c --CH.sub.2 -- (IIb)or a residue formed by elimination of one water molecule from the group corresponding to formula IIa or IIb, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen or a residue having the meaning defined for the group R.sup.

Abstract: Vinylamide oligomers and lower molecular weight polymers are prepared by the cationic polymerization of vinylamides in the presence of a Lewis acid at a temperature between -100.degree. and 100.degree. C. The resultant vinylamide oligomers and polymers can optionally be hydrolyzed under acidic or basic conditions to form the corresponding vinylamine oligomers and polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrogel which is a copolymer of a polymerizable monomer mixture which containsa) 2-85 mol-% of a hydrophobic vinyl monomer with at least three fluorine atoms,b) 2-80 mol-% of a hydrophobic polyhydroxy vinyl monomer whose hydroxyl groups are in protected form,c) 2-70 mol-% of a hydrophilic vinyl monomer and,d) based on the total amount of monomers a)-c), 0-5 mol-% of a crosslinker, in which hydrogel the hydroxyl groups of the segments formed by the monomers b) are in protected or in free form.These hydrogels can be used, for example, as contact lenses, intraocular lenses or in other areas of application where biologically tolerated materials are required.

Abstract: Novel hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, polymers of hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, copolymers of selected hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers, a process for reducing ester containing fluorovinyl compounds to the corresponding alcohol with borohydrides, and a process for polymerizing hydroxy containing fluorovinyl ethers are disclosed.