Abstract: An active flat-design video screen is described, having signal line means arranged in lines and columns, these signal line means, at their crossing points, defining picture elements of the video screen, in which case the lines that are arranged in columns are developed as electrodes and the signal line means that are arranged in lines are developed by means of optical waveguides into which, on the input side, a modulated light signal is coupled and which, at each crossing point, have a device for the coupling-out of the respective light signal. In comparison to conventional active flat-design video screens, the video screen according to the invention distinguishes itself particularly by a good picture resolution and a good contrast range, connected with a good regeneration rate.

Abstract: A display system includes a liquid crystal display, a light guide behind the display, and light emitting diodes. The light guide is a molded slab of clear material with a front display surface a rear surface and six bordering surfaces with two planes depressed into its rear surface and having two hollow half cylindrical extensions integrally molded with closed top and bottom ends. The rear surface and bordering surfaces and outer surface of the extensions are coated with reflective white paint. These extensions receive light from surface mounted LED's which are positioned directly below the extensions to redirect the light into the light guide.

Abstract: A high-speed responsive liquid crystal optical device with improved light transmissivity is provided. The device includes a liquid crystal panel including an optically active liquid crystal material having dielectric anisotropy which becomes zero at a crossing frequency ("fc") of 100 KHz or below. The dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal is positive at frequencies lower than fc ("fl") and negative at frequencies higher than fc ("fh"). Crossed polarizers are disposed on each side of the liquid crystal panel. A liquid crystal driving circuit selectively applies a signal of a frequency fh to open the device and a signal of a frequency fl to close the device. The optical device is particularly well suited for use as a light valve in a printer device. Response time within 1 m sec. permits a printing speed of 10 prints of A4 size to be produced per minute with a resolving power of about 10 dots per 1 m/m.

Abstract: By use of specific color filters in Surface Stability Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Device having color filters assembled therein, generation of alignment defect ocurring in the initial alignment control step could be avoided.

Abstract: Display panel for image presentation and/or recording, comprising a matrix formed of a horizontal (1A-D) and a vertical (33A-E) element set respectively, adapted to be addressed for selecting points that shall present, alternatively pick up light, one of these element sets acting as shutter means (33A-E) for light. The other element set consists of optical light conductors (1A-D) adapted to receive (39A-D), alternatively to emit (40A-D) light at their ends located outside the matrix itself. The light conductors, which can be in the form of optical fibres, are provided with means (2A-D) positioned at said points for diverting light out of, alternatively into the light conductors (1A-D) transverse to their longitudinal direction. This transverse light directly forms the image presented, alternatively directly represents the image recorded, by addressing of both element sets (1A-D, 33A-E).

Abstract: There is disclosed a liquid crystal display device which comprises liquid crystal materials aligned between a pair of substrates each having an alignment layer, respectively, characterized in that the following conditions (a) to (c) are satisfied:(a) the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules aligned between the above pair of substrates is 200.degree. to 300.degree.;(b) the following relationship formula (1) is valid between the spontaneous twist pitch Ps of the liquid crystal molecules and the regulated twist pitch Pc of the liquid crystal molecules when the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is compulsorily regulated by the alignment layers:0.ltoreq.(Pc-Ps)/Pc.ltoreq.0.3 (1); and(c) the following relationship formula (2) is valid between the splay elastic constant k.sub.11 and the bend elastic constant k.sub.33 of the above liquid crystal materials:0.9<k.sub.33 k.sub.11 <1.5 (2).

Abstract: A light source device has a transparent plate having a smoothened front surface and a roughened rear surface. A light source is disposed adjacent to an end face of the transparent plate. The roughened rear surface has a portion which is inclined and curved and disposed adjacent to the end of the transparent plate remote from the light source. A reflecting plate is disposed adjacent to and extends along the roughened rear surface of the transparent plate. The provision of the inclined and curved surface portion assures that the luminance of the light on the smoothened front surface of the transparent plate is substantially uniform over the entire surface area. The inclined and curved surface portion is represented by the following equation,y=H--(H-h)x.sup.n /L.sup.

Abstract: A projection-type display device for producing a well balanced color image without the use of a neutral density filter. The device includes three liquid crystal light valves associated with the three primary colors and two dichroic mirrors. A light source generates colored light. The optical length between the light source and the light valve associated with the primary color of the colored light having the highest level of luminous intensity is greater than the optical lengths between the light source and each of the other two light valves. One of the three liquid crystal light valves is driven by circuitry to produce an image which is a mirror image of the images produced by the other two light valves.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element of the type having a pair of transparent electrodes consisting of a pair of glass substrates and liquid crystal charged in the space therebetween and which is completely free from a so called "touch", a phenomenon that can destroy the orientation films of the element, is disclosed. According to the invention, a liquid crystal display element of the type as described above is provided with a first insulating film made of a single crystal material having a refractive index greater than that of the transparent electrodes of the glass substrate of the crystal display element. The first insulating film is disposed between one of the transparent electrodes and its corresponding orientation film and a second insulating film made of a single crystal material having a refractive index smaller than that of the transparent electrodes between the other electrode and its corresponding film.

Abstract: A color liquid crystal display unit having improved resolution with good color mixing and little directivity. The display unit includes upper and lower light-transmissible substrates disposed in opposition to one another, scanning and signal electrodes formed on opposed surfaces of the substrates, color filters formed at a predetermined repetition interval on the signal electrodes, and a liquid crystal enclosed between the upper and lower substrates. At least one of the signal electrodes is divided into plural portions, and at least a portion of another signal electrode is interleaved therewith.

Abstract: A display cell having two parallel transparent substrate plates which are interconnected at their periphery and which are each provided with an electrode and an orientation layer, and comprising a liquid crystalline compound in the cell space between the plates, the orientation layer being a monolayer of an alkyl mercaptan.

Abstract: A tunable optical filter having a number cascaded resonator cavities with each cavity having electro-optic material in its interior. The resonator cavities will resonate at a select wavelength when the index of refraction of the electro-optic material is changed to a predetermined value in response to only a single control voltage. The index of refraction of the electro-optic material is adjusted to a predetermined value by application of the single control voltage to one of a pair of electrodes which are on opposite sides of the resonator cavities.

Abstract: A thin film FET switching element, particularly useful in liquid crystal displays, employs a set of special materials to ensure compatibility with the indium tin oxide of a pixel electrode layer used as transparent conductive material in liquid crystal display devices. These materials include the use of titanium as a gate electrode material and the use of aluminum as a material to enhance electrical contact between source and drain pads and an underlying layer of amorphous silicon. The apparatus and process of the present invention provide enhanced fabrication yield and device reliability.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device of the dispersion type exhibiting high brightness of electroluminescence and having excellent heat resistance and flexibility, and usable as a backlighting unit for liquid crystal displays and as a plane light-emitting body, can be prepared by using, as the matrix material of the particulate electroluminescent material, a specific cyanoalkyl group-containing organopolysiloxane represented by the average unit formula R.sup.1.sub.a R.sup.2.sub.b SiO.sub.(4-a-b)/2, in which R.sup.1 is a cyanoalkyl group having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, a is 0.8 to 1.8 and b is 0 to 1.0 with the proviso that a+b is 1.1 to 1.98.

Abstract: A double Schottky diode light valve (5) includes a liquid crystal (80) for locally modulating a beam (120) by polarization rotation to produce a modulated beam (121), and a photoconductor (40) located adjacent the liquid crystal (80) for receiving and absorbing a second beam (110). The photoconductor (40) controls the polarization responsively to the optical content of the second beam (110). The photoconductor (46) includes a semiconductor substrate and a pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. The absorption of the second beam (110) by the substrate (40) produces photogenerated carriers. The pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) maintain the substrate (40) substantially depleted of such carriers and also reflects the modulated beam back through the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has mutually crossing groups of electrodes to have a dot matrix electrode structure. The surface resistance of the transparent conductive layers on these electrodes are different, their ratio being L.sub.2 W.sub.1 /L.sub.1 W.sub.2, wherein L.sub.2, W.sub.2, L.sub.1 and W.sub.1 are the lengths and widths of the mutually crossing groups of electrodes, implying that the impedance between the ends of the mutually crossing electrodes are equal.

Abstract: A large number of liquid crystal display devices is formed on a single plane, each of the liquid crystal display devices being formed by arranging liquid crystal between transparent substrates which allow light from a light source to pass through. Display portions of the respective liquid crystal display devices are covered by a masking member (23) and a light guide which is formed of light guide devices, one or more of which being provided for each of said liquid crystal display devices, and junctions between the liquid crystal display devices are also covered by the light guide. With this structure, when the light guides are formed such that the junctions between the plurality of liquid crystal display devices are also covered, lattice-like non-display lines do not appear, thereby providing substantially visually uniform brightness throughout the entire screen of the large-sized liquid crystal display and improving the entire image.

Abstract: An electro-optical device including non-linear metal-insulator-metal elements wherein the second metal film of the MIM is completely covered by the transparent picture cell electrode, having the same shape and configuration as the second metal film, is provided. Preferably, the second metal film layer has a thickness of about 100 .ANG. or less.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve projector is disclosed which includes source illumination appratus which images an illumination aperture at the liquid crystal light valves, and further includes light valve imaging apparatus for relaying the light valve images to a wide angle projection lens having a short back focal length. The disclosed liquid crystal light valve projector utilizes air separated dichroic color separator for providing primary color illumination to the light valves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of a substrate for an electrically controlled device such as a display screen, said substrate integrating non-linear elements and control elements of the elementary display points. The invention relates to the production of a substrate, in its active part, has non-linear elements associated with each image element and produced from amorphous silicon and, in its peripheral part, polycrystalline silicon controlled elements. Initially the substrate has amorphous silicon layers, the peripheral crystallization being obtained by annealing in a temperature gradient furnace.