Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element being excellent in light emitting characteristics, characteristics of an organic EL layer and current-voltage characteristic. To attain the object, the invention discloses—an organic electroluminescent element comprises a substrate, an anode layer formed on the substrate, an organic electroluminescent layer formed on the anode layer and—containing at least a light emitting layer, a semitransparent cathode layer formed on the organic electroluminescent layer, a transparent buffer layer formed on the semitransparent cathode layer and having an impact buffering function, and a transparent electroconductive protection layer formed on the transparent buffer layer and having an oxidation preventing function. A contact region in which the semitransparent cathode layer and the transparent electroconductive protection layer contact with each other is provided in a non-display area.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display (OLED) and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The method includes forming the OLED having upper and lower substrates that emit different colors from each other, and coupling the upper and lower substrates together.

Abstract: An arrangement of a low-pressure mercury amalgam lamp includes an amalgam deposit and a cladding tube surrounding a lamp, wherein the lamp has a mechanical contact to the cladding tube in a region of the amalgam deposit. A ring-shaped band contacting and surrounding the lamp in the region of the amalgam deposit represents the mechanical contact to the cladding tube.

Abstract: When a long illuminant module is constructed, debonding of a bonded interface or bending occurs due to a difference in a magnitude of thermal deformation between a lens material and a metal substrate. In an illuminant module including light emitting elements, a substrate on which the light emitting elements are mounted, a transparent encapsulating resin which encapsulates the light emitting elements, and a lens material having cavities formed therein, in which the respective light emitting elements and transparent encapsulating resin are stored, notches are formed in a surface of the lens material on the side of the substrate, and the notch surfaces of the notches and the surface of the substrate are bonded using a bonding material.

Abstract: An electrodeposition display panel manufacturing method capable of manufacturing a highly reliable display panel in a short time and effectively, an electrodeposition display panel, and an electrodeposition display device are provided. Openings (5A), (5B) are provided in a rear substrate (2) of the cell. A nozzle (7A) to which an injector (8) is connected on the other side is inserted into the opening (5A), and a nozzle (7B) is inserted into the opening (5B). On the other end side of the nozzle (7B), a container for recovering a spilled display material (6) and a decompressor are arranged. While the display material (6) is pressure-injected from the opening (5A), evacuation and discharging air bubbles and the like are performed from the opening (5B). Thereby, the display material (6) is filled in the cell.

Abstract: A system for displaying an image includes a plurality of pixels each having a first organic light-emitting device (OLED), a second OLED and a third OLED. The pixel includes a first electrode layer, a first organic light-emitting layer, a second organic light-emitting layer, a second electrode layer and a color filter. The first organic light-emitting layer is disposed on the first electrode layer and within the first OLED and the second OLED. The second organic light-emitting layer is disposed on the first electrode layer and within the second OLED and the third OLED so that the first and second organic light-emitting layers overlap within the second OLED. The second electrode layer is disposed on the first organic light-emitting layer and the second organic light-emitting layer. The color filter is disposed within the second OLED.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp which can be used with an LCD display includes a plurality of discharge channels. Pairs of electrodes are formed on both ends of the discharge channels. Each of the plurality of channels has an emitting section at the middle, and electrode sections on both ends thereof. A width of the electrode sections is the same as that of the emitting section. However, a height of the electrode sections is greater than a height of the emitting section, resulting in the electrode section having a cross-sectional area that is larger than that of the emitting section.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, gate and data lines on an inner surface of the first substrate and crossing each other to define a pixel region, a switching element at a crossing point of the gate and data lines, a driving element connected to the switching element, a first electrode on an inner surface of the second substrate, an organic light-emitting layer on the first electrode in the pixel region, a second electrode on the organic light-emitting layer in the pixel region and electrically connected to the driving element, and a coloring element on an outer surface of the second substrate in the pixel region.

Abstract: A self-light emitting device and an electrical appliance including the same are provided, in which extracting efficiency of light from a light emitting element, especially in an EL element, can be improved. A light scattering body formed by etching a transparent film is provided on an insulator so that the extracting efficiency of light can be improved, and the self-light emitting device with high efficiency of light emission can be provided.

Abstract: The LED comprises: a base having high thermal conductivity and having a mounting surface for die bonding; a printed circuit board mounted on the base and having a hole to expose a part of the mounting surface of the base and having a protruding portion projecting horizontally outward on the outer periphery of the base; an LED element mounted on the mounting surface of the base exposed in the hole of the printed circuit board; and a resin material sealing the LED element from above; wherein through-holes electrically connected to the LED element are formed at the outer periphery of the protruding portion and an external connection electrode is provided to the upper and lower surfaces of the through-holes. This LED enhances the heat dissipating effect to enable generation of high-luminance light and can also be mounted on either the upper or lower surface of a motherboard.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp which is suitable for motor vehicle headlights, has an improved color point stability close to the black body locus, a high color temperature, and a high luminous efficacy (lm/w). The high-pressure discharge lamp includes an inner vessel with a discharge chamber, with at least two electrodes extending into the discharge chamber, and an outer bulb surrounding the inner vessel. The discharge chamber contains an ionizable filling including at least one rare gas, 0-10 mg of mercury, and a metal halide mixture. The metal halide mixture includes 40-80% by weight of sodium halide, 25-55% by weight of scandium halide, 1-15% by weight of indium halide, and 0-34% by weight of thallium halide.

Abstract: An organic electro-luminescence display (OLED) is provided. The OLED comprises a substrate, a plurality of organic electro-luminescence devices, a first protective film, a second protective film, and a third protective film. The electro-luminescence devices are disposed over the substrate and comprise a plurality of first, second and third light organic electro-luminescence devices. The first, second and third light organic electro-luminescence devices are covered by the first, second and third protective films, respectively. By using different protective films corresponding to different light organic electro-luminescence devices, light emitted from each organic electro-luminescence device has the optimized intensity.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display device can have uniformity of color coordinates by controlling the thickness of SiNx layer under an organic light-emitting element. Such an organic electroluminescence display device can include a TFT, a passivation layer formed on the TFT, and an organic light-emitting element on the passivation layer. The passivation layer can have a thickness deviation range of about 200 ? or less.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing an image displaying apparatus having a display panel. A first substrate of the display panel on which a phosphor exciter is disposed and a second substrate of the display panel on which phosphors emitting light by the phosphor exciter is provided, are prepared under a vacuum atmosphere. Then, the first and the second substrates are carried in a getter processing chamber or bake processing chamber, and getter processing or bake processing is applied thereto under the vacuum atmosphere. After the processing, the first and the second substrates are carried in a seal processing chamber, where the substrates are heat sealed under the vacuum atmosphere. Thus, reduction of vacuum exhaust time and a high vacuum degree in manufacturing an image displaying apparatus is attained and efficiency of manufacturing is improved.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device utilizes a plurality of embodiments to minimize the variation in luminance due to changes in the voltage across the device. These include a highly conductive hole injection layer in a bi-layer device, a thick hoe transporting interlayer in a tri-layer device and the addition of an external resistor in series with the device.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device and its method of manufacturing are provided. The organic electroluminescent device may include a rear substrate, an organic electroluminescent unit including a first electrode, an organic film, and a second electrode stacked on a surface of the rear substrate. It may also include a front substrate joined to the rear substrate to seal an internal space in which the organic electroluminescent unit is disposed. It may also include a porous oxide layer composed of a porous silica and a metal compound on a lower surface thereof. A device constructed according to the present invention may have excellent adsorption of moisture and oxygen, thereby increasing the life span of the device.

Abstract: A top emission type electro-luminescent display device comprising a thin film transistor, an opaque electrode, an opaque layer, and an electro-luminescent medium layer. The thin film transistor overlies a substrate and is covered by an interlayer insulator. The opaque electrode and the opaque layer are successively disposed on the interlayer insulator, in which the opaque electrode is electrically connected to the thin film transistor and the opaque layer comprises an opening exposing a portion of the underlying opaque electrode. The electro-luminescent medium layer is disposed over the exposed portion of the opaque electrode. The transparent electrode is disposed on the opaque layer and conformally covers the surfaces of the opening and the electro-luminescent medium layer.

Abstract: A high quality white light emitting device suitable for miniaturization. The white light emitting device according to the present invention includes a substrate and a light emitting structure composed of an n-semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-semiconductor layer. The light emission structure emits first emission light. The white light emitting device also includes a wavelength-converting film for absorbing and converting the first emission light to second emission light of another wavelength. The wavelength-converting film is made of europium-silicate.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes first and second substrates opposing one another. Address electrodes are formed on the second substrate. Barrier ribs are mounted between the first and second substrates defining discharge cells and non-discharge regions. Phosphor layers are formed within each of the discharge cells. Discharge sustain electrodes are formed on the first substrate. The non-discharge regions are formed in areas encompassed by discharge cell abscissas and ordinates passing through centers of the discharge cells. Further, the discharge cells are formed such that ends thereof increasingly decrease in width as a distance from centers of the discharge cells is increased. The discharge sustain electrodes include bus electrodes that extend perpendicular to the address electrodes and outside areas of the discharge cells but across areas of the non-discharge regions, and protrusion electrodes formed extending from each of the bus electrodes.

Abstract: A full color display comprising a red, a green, and a blue light emitting diode, each light emitting diode including a light emitting region having at least one layer of single crystal rare earth material, the rare earth material in each of the light emitting diodes having at least one radiative transition, and the rare earth material producing a radiation wavelength of approximately 640 nm in the red light emitting diode, 540 nm in the green light emitting diode, and 460 nm in the blue light emitting diode. Generally, the color of each LED is determined by selecting a rare earth with a radiative transition producing a radiation wavelength at the selected color. In cases where the rare earth has more than one radiative transition, tuned mirrors can be used to select the desired color.