Abstract: The hydroprocessing reactor quench zone internals comprise a collection tray, a mixing chamber, a ring quench distributer, a rough liquid distribution tray, and a vapor-liquid distribution tray. The rough liquid distribution tray has a central pan for receiving vapor and liquid out of the mixing chamber and multiple fluid distribution troughs attached to the central pan that extended radially outwards with the outer end close to the reactor shell. The fluid distribution troughs can include at least one longitudinal baffle, or at least one cross baffle, or both, and optionally an end baffle. The baffles improve the liquid and/or vapor flow in the rough liquid distribution tray.

Abstract: A bayonet reactor including a catalytic reactor in the form of an annular structured packing is provided with increased surface area for the transfer of heat between annulus gas and return gas, an increased coefficient of heat transfer between the annulus and return gases, and a reduced overall pressure drop relative to conventional reactors. The reactors of the present technology can enable intensified catalytic processing.

Abstract: Reagents and solvents used for polymer synthesis are reused or recycled rather than discarded. The outflow from each step of polymer synthesis may be collected separately in one of multiple dedicated containers. Reuse returns the outflow from a step of polymer synthesis back to an input of a polymer synthesizer for subsequent use in that same step. Recycling processes the outflow from one or more steps of polymer synthesis to restore original concentrations or purity levels for use in a later synthesis run. Quality control analysis may determine if outflow collected from a polymer synthesizer is reused or recycled. These techniques reduce reagent cost and waste quantity. These techniques may be used with phosphoramidite or enzyme-based synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Abstract: The instant disclosure is related to fluidic distributors, fluidic systems, and associated methods and articles. Certain embodiments are related to fluidic distributors that comprise bays including fluidic connections with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. In some embodiments, a fluidic distributor may comprise bays with electrical interfaces with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other.

Abstract: A multi-bed catalytic converter comprising at least a first catalytic bed, a second catalytic bed and a heat exchanger arranged between said first bed and said second bed, wherein said heat exchanger is arranged to transfer heat from the hot effluent of the first bed to a cooling medium; said heat exchanger comprises a plurality of stacked round plates, wherein adjacent plates define gaps therebetween, and the effluent of the first catalytic bed and the cooling medium are respectively fed into alternate gaps.

Abstract: A chemical processing column that includes a column base and an assembly for maintaining plug flow in the column base. The column base is adapted to contain a bed of media. The assembly includes a sleeve removably coupled to the column base, a plate coupled to the plate, and a piston at least partially disposed within the sleeve. The assembly is dynamically movable relative to the column base to adjust a position of the piston relative to the column base to compensate for a change in volume occupied by the bed of media.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and system for propylene polymerization utilizing a loop slurry reactor. The method can include polymerizing propylene in a loop slurry reactor under bulk polymerization conditions to produce polypropylene. The propylene polymerization system can include i) a loop slurry reactor and a heat exchange system that is configured to cool the legs of the loop slurry reactor and/or ii) an inlet manifold that is configured to connect flashline heaters to a separator.

Abstract: High quality, catalyst-free boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) that are long, flexible, have few wall molecules and few defects in the crystalline structure, can be efficiently produced by a process driven primarily by Direct Induction. Secondary Direct Induction coils, Direct Current heaters, lasers, and electric arcs can provide additional heating to tailor the processes and enhance the quality of the BNNTs while reducing impurities. Heating the initial boron feed stock to temperatures causing it to act as an electrical conductor can be achieved by including refractory metals in the initial boron feed stock, and providing additional heat via lasers or electric arcs. Direct Induction processes may be energy efficient and sustainable for indefinite period of time. Careful heat and gas flow profile management may be used to enhance production of high quality BNNT at significant production rates.

Abstract: Different Au—Pd nanoparticles, ranging from sharp-branched octopods to core@shell octahedra, can be achieved by inline manipulation of reagent flowrates in a microreactor for seeded growth. Significantly, these structures represent different kinetic products, demonstrating an inline control strategy toward kinetic nanoparticle products that should be generally applicable.

Abstract: A method of producing synthesis gas in a dual pressure level ammonia plant having a first synthesis section operated in once through fashion at a first relatively lower high pressure and having a second synthesis section operated in recirculating fashion at a second relatively higher high pressure. In the first synthesis section downstream of an OT reactor of the first synthesis section the synthesis gas is cooled using cooling medium at a pressure below the first high pressure, wherein the cooling medium is provided at a pressure below the first high pressure level by means of a medium pressure steam generator or wherein the cooling is effected by means of the medium pressure steam generator. The disclosure further relates to a synthesis gas cooling assembly in such a dual pressure level ammonia plant and at least one plant component for providing or for utilizing the cooling medium.

Abstract: Provided are integrated processes for the conversion of beta propiolactone to acrylic acid. Systems for the production of acrylic acid are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to SA alkylation reactor systems. The reactor system involves a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet. The reactor system also involves a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet, wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. This disclosure also relates to a split SA alkylation reactor system wherein a single horizontal reactor vessel is divided to accommodate two reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to alkylation processes using the reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit to a SA alkylation unit. This disclosure also relates to converted SA alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted SA alkylation units.

Abstract: A synthesis device may include a pressure vessel with an inlet and an outlet for fluid, a catalyst bed that is disposed within the pressure vessel, a plate heat exchanger that is disposed in a flow path of fluid between the inlet of the pressure vessel and the catalyst bed such that fluid flowing into the catalyst bed is heated by fluid flowing out of the catalyst bed. The plate heat exchanger may be disposed outside a reactor volume occupied by the catalyst bed in the pressure vessel. The catalyst bed may be one of a plurality of catalyst beds disposed axially over one another in the pressure vessel.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing fine particles having a particle formation mechanism and a particle-outlet micro-channel may include a unit-structure including first and second portions adjacent to each other; and a first inlet defined in the first portion at a first height. A continuous phase solution is injected into the first inlet; and a second inlet is defined in the first portion at a second height different from the second height. A dispersed phase solution is injected into the second inlet. A merging volume is defined in the second portion and is defined at third height equal to either the first height and the second height, or has a value therebetween. The continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution are merged in the merging volume, wherein fine particles are formed. A first micro-channel and a second micro-channel branching from the merging volume communicates with the first inlet and the second inlet, respectively.

Abstract: A reactor layout for a process of methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter.

Abstract: A process where external fuel oil is used to wash entrained catalyst from a fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent, where the fuel oil and catalyst mixture is returned to the reactor to provide the net fuel required for catalyst regeneration. Optionally the fluidized-bed propane dehydrogenation reactor effluent and the fuel oil are contacted in a direct contact inline device before entering a flash zone in the reactor vessel.

Abstract: A processing system for producing a product material from a liquid mixture includes an array of one or more power jet modules adapted to jet the liquid mixture into one or more streams of droplets and force the one or more streams of droplets into the processing system, a dispersion chamber and a reaction chamber adapted to process the one or more streams of droplets into the product material. A method for producing a product material from a liquid mixture on a processing system includes moving each of the one or more power jet modules and be connected to an opening of a dispersion chamber opening one or more doors of the one or more power jet modules, processing the one or more streams of droplets inside a reaction chamber, closing the one or more doors of the power jets modules and moving each of the one or more power jet modules in a second direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of polylactic acid preparation, and discloses polylactic acid polymerization reaction apparatus and system. The polylactic acid polymerization reaction apparatus comprises a polymerization reactor and an agitating assembly arranged in a flow channel of the polymerization reactor, wherein the agitating assembly comprises an electromagnetic winding mechanism and a magnetic induction element, the electromagnetic winding mechanism is arranged along the inner wall of the polymerization reactor around the magnetic induction element, with clearance formed between the electromagnetic winding mechanism and the magnetic induction element, so that the magnetic induction element and the electromagnetic winding mechanism can induce electromagnetic induction, and thereby the magnetic induction element can rotate around its own axis; a threaded groove is formed on the magnetic induction element.

Abstract: A naphtha reforming reactor system comprising a first reactor comprising a first inlet and a first outlet, wherein the first reactor is configured to operate as an adiabatic reactor, and wherein the first reactor comprises a first naphtha reforming catalyst; and a second reactor comprising a second inlet and a second outlet, wherein the second inlet is in fluid communication with the first outlet of the first reactor, wherein the second reactor is configured to operate as an isothermal reactor, and wherein the second reactor comprises a plurality of tubes disposed within a reactor furnace, a heat source configured to heat the interior of the reactor furnace; and a second naphtha reforming catalyst disposed within the plurality of tubes, wherein the first naphtha reforming catalyst and the second naphtha reforming catalyst are the same or different.

Abstract: Electric-powered, closed-loop, continuous-feed, endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a shaftless auger. In another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a drag conveyor. In yet another embodiment, the presently disclosed energy-conversion system includes a distillation and/or fractionating stage. The endothermic energy-conversion systems and methods feature mechanisms for natural resource recovery, refining, and recycling, such as secondary recovery of metals, minerals, nutrients, and/or carbon char.