Abstract: A method is described for migration of a deposition material across a diffusion couple deposited on a substrate to a substrate surface including: using a reactor system to facilitate the migration of one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to a substrate by applying a specified pressure to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across the diffusion couple to the substrate, where the specified pressure has a value between 14.5 psi and 125 psi, and applying a temperature to facilitate the migration of the one or more diffusion materials across a diffusion couple to the substrate, where the heatable top disk is controlled at a temperature between 25° C. and 500° C. and the heatable bottom disk is controlled at a temperature between 25° C. and 500° C., and where graphene is formed on the substrate surface.

Abstract: Described are methods for processing microelectronic device substrates by a lapping step, e.g., a final lapping step, wherein the step includes the use of an elastomeric pressure-sensitive adhesive to secure the microelectronic device substrate to a carrier that holds the substrate to a surface of the carrier during the lapping step, and wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive can be a non-polysilicone based adhesive having mechanical properties that include a tan delta that is below about 0.2.

Abstract: Organometallic precursors and methods of depositing high purity metal films are discussed. Some embodiments utilize a method comprising exposing a substrate surface to an organometallic precursor comprising one or more of molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), osmium (Os), technetium (Tc), manganese (Mn), rhenium (Re) or ruthenium (Ru), and an iodine-containing reactant comprising a species having a formula RIx, where R is one or more of a C1-C10 alkyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, or C2-C10 alkynyl group, I is an iodine group and x is in a range of 1 to 4 to form a carbon-less iodine-containing metal film. Some embodiments advantageously provide methods of forming metal films having low carbon content (e.g., having greater than or equal to 95% metal species on an atomic basis), without using an oxidizing agent or a reductant.

Abstract: In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom disk. A heatable top disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom disk. While the heatable top disk applies the mechanical pressure, a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value. The first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be independently tuned to any value in the working range.

Abstract: A method of soil treatment that allows for the creation of or installation of a highly reflective surface for use in conjunction with bifacial solar panels to more efficiently generate clean energy.

Abstract: An inkjet printing apparatus includes a surface acoustic wave module including an inner passage and a surface acoustic wave generator around the inner passage; and an outflow passage connected to the surface acoustic wave module to discharge ink, where the outflow passage includes a first outflow passage connected to the inner passage to discharge first ink particles and a second outflow passage connected to the inner passage to discharge second ink particles having an average diameter smaller than that of the first ink particles, and the surface acoustic wave generator is closer to the second outflow passage than the first outflow passage.

Abstract: A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each composite particle may comprise, for example, active fluoride material and a nanoporous, electrically-conductive scaffolding matrix within which the active fluoride material is disposed. The active fluoride material is provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The storing and releasing of the ions may cause a substantial change in volume of the active material. The scaffolding matrix structurally supports the active material, electrically interconnects the active material, and accommodates the changes in volume of the active material.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a coating method for coating a component (e.g. motor vehicle body component) with a coating agent (e.g. paint), that includes steps of Defining a pattern on the component surface of the component to be coated, the pattern being a surface area outlined by a contour, and areal coating of the component surface with the coating agent within the contour, sharp-edged coating of the component surface with a coating agent along at least a portion of the contour of the pattern.

Abstract: Optical elements with anisotropic, patterned surface relief microstructures in which information is encoded in the distribution of the orientation of different zones. From the analysis of the distribution of the light scattered from the element, the orientation distribution in the element and therefore the encoded information can be evaluated. The elements are particularly useful for securing documents and articles against counterfeiting and falsification.

Abstract: A method for preparing three-dimensional perovskite nanopixels of a digital display is provided. The method includes steps of preparing precursor ink by mixing methylammonium halide and lead halide and adding them into another mixture, adding the precursor ink into a nanopipette, placing the nanopipette with the precursor ink above a silicon substrate and apart from the silicon substrate by a certain distance, configuring the nanopipette to come into contact with the Si substrate such that a portion of the precursor ink having an interface surface of a shape of a meniscus is formed between the nanopipette and the silicon substrate, performing rapid evaporation of the portion of the precursor ink to facilitate crystallization of perovskite, moving the nanopipette upwardly at a constant speed such that the crystallization of perovskite proceeds upwardly, and terminating the crystallization of perovskite to generate a freestanding nanopixel for emitting light.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, methods and techniques for generating preferred concrete block products are provided. The methods and techniques involve providing addition of color to selected section within the blocks, as described herein, to generate enhancement effects. Typical applications involve spray applications for color pigment to visually distinct sections of the block on one or more decorative surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a thin film on a substrate comprising the steps of preparing two precursor compositions comprising metalloid compounds and combining them thereafter whereby one precursor composition is hydrolyzed prior to combination. The present invention is further related to a multilayer structure and an article comprising the thin film obtainable by the process, a composition comprising the precursor compositions, a kit-of-parts comprising the precursor compositions and the use of the composition and the kit-of-parts for preparing a thin film on a substrate.

Abstract: A coating film forming method includes coating a coating liquid by supplying the same to a front surface of a substrate and rotating the substrate to form a coating film, supplying a high-temperature gas having a temperature higher than the substrate to an exposed region of a rear surface of the substrate, adjusting film thickness distribution of the coating film in a plane of the substrate by rotating the substrate at a first rotation speed, and drying, after the adjusting the film thickness distribution, the coating film by adjusting the film thickness of the coating film in an entire plane of the substrate by rotating the substrate at a second rotation speed different from the first rotation speed. A period in which the drying of the coating film is performed includes a period in which the supplying of the high-temperature gas to the substrate is stopped.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods for formation of refractory carbide, nitride, and boride coatings without use of a binding agent. The present invention is directed to methods of creating refractory coatings with controlled porosity. Refractory coatings can be formed from refractory metal, metal oxide, or metal/metal oxide composite refractory coating precursor of the 9 refractory metals encompassed by groups 4-6 and periods 4-6 of the periodic table; non-metallic elements (e.g. Si & B) and their oxides (i.e. SiO2 & B2O3) are also pertinent. The conversion of the refractory coating precursor to refractory carbide, nitride or boride is achieved via carburization, nitridization, or boridization in the presence of carbon-containing (e.g. CH4), nitrogen containing (e.g. NH3), and boron-containing (e.g. B2H6) gaseous species. Any known technique of applying the refractory coating precursor can be used.

Abstract: An adhesive tape (1) which requires a smaller amount of adhesive by comparison with conventional adhesive tapes having the same adhesive properties is obtained using a method for producing an adhesive tape, which method comprises the following steps: a) mixing an ASE thickener with water and producing an (ASE) thickener-water mixture (7); b) producing an adhesive dispersion (8) from an adhesive and a solvent; c) providing a textile substrate (2); d) applying the (ASE) thickener-water mixture (7) to the textile substrate; e) applying the adhesive dispersion (8) to the (ASE) thickener-water mixture (7) in order to obtain the adhesive tape; f) drying the obtained adhesive tape; in which method the thickener, in particular the ASE thickener, is saturated with water and the adhesive dispersion (8) is applied after or at the same time as the (ASE) thickener-water mixture (7) is applied.

Abstract: A spray dyeing method includes continuously moving a substrate in a direction; spraying an organic pigment onto the substrate using a spraying system while moving the substrate forward through a dyeing station; and allowing the substrate coated with the organic pigment to pass through a drying station including an infrared irradiation unit to cure the organic pigment. Using the spray dyeing method, in fiber or fabric dyeing, it is possible to dye using a much smaller amount of water by opening a molecular structure of a polymer that makes up the substrate through infrared irradiation after dyeing by pigment spraying to cure the pigment.

Abstract: A method for controlling a dispensing system is provided, including the steps of dispensing, by a dispensing device, a coating material onto a substrate according to a first dispensing operation, inspecting, by an inspection device integrated with the dispensing device, the coating material applied to the first substrate, and altering the first dispensing operation based on the inspecting so that the coating material is dispensed onto a subsequent substrate according to a second dispensing operation. An associated coating machine is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an operating method for a coating system (e.g. painting installation) for coating components (e.g. motor vehicle body components).

Abstract: The present application discloses a method for preparing quantum dots light-emitting diode, including following steps: providing a base plate, wherein an upper surface of the base plate is provided with quantum dots light-emitting layer; and immersing the base plate in a solvent system to perform an ultrasonic processing, wherein the solvent system comprises: a host solvent and doping solvent dissolved in the main, a polarity of the doping solvent is less than a polarity of the host solvent, and the host solvent is an organic solvent that does not dissolve quantum dots.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element according to an aspect includes an active layer forming step of forming an active layer having a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1. The active layer forming step includes: a first layer forming step of forming a first layer by applying polyamic acid serving as a precursor; a first heating step of heating the first layer at 120° C. for 20 minutes to 60 minutes; and a second heating step of heating the first layer at 230° C. to 280° C. for 10 minutes.