Abstract: A novel method of polishing a workpiece surface comprises passing over the surface in elastically compressive abrasive contact therewith a mass of discrete, elastically deformable pieces each individually consisting of a matrix of elastomeric material containing finely divided abrasive particles substantially uniformly distributed at least along a surface region of the individual piece.

Abstract: An electrode particularly useful in hypochlorite cells operating at low temperatures or in metal winning cells in which the electrode comprises a titanium substrate with a platinum metal coating and an intermediate coating of substoichiometric tantalum oxide.

Abstract: A method of producing an electrode useful as anode of a liquid fuel cell using methanol as fuel. The method has the steps of coating and impregnating a porous electrode body made of carbon with a noble metal such as platinum, activating the noble metal present on and in the electrode body and then depositing a base metal such as tin onto the surfaces of the electrode body coated with the activated noble metal for the purpose of maintaining the activated state of the noble metal coating. To rapidly accomplish the deposition of the base metal while the noble metal remains in the activated state, the method comprises an additional step of immersing the electrode body with the noble metal deposited thereon in a solution containing ions of the base metal precedent to the activation step. For the same purpose, it is very favorable to form through-holes in the electrode body for use in this method.

Abstract: A plating apparatus for plating an annular diaphragm member which includes a first lower member including a first vertical passage formed therein having an opening, an outlet port in fluid communication with the first vertical passage, and a surface formed around the upper opening for mounting the annular member thereon, a second, upper member detachably mounted on the first member so as to form a casing, the second member including a second vertical passage formed therein having a lower opening opposed to the upper opening, and an inlet port in fluid communication with the second vertical passage, the lower opening having a larger radius than that of the upper opening, a positive electrode positioned above an upper inner peripheral portion of the annular member, a mechanism for supplying plating fluid under pressure to the inlet port, a control mechanism for controlling current distribution from the positive electrode to the upper inner peripheral portion of the annular member and a negative electrode electr

Abstract: A gold-plating electrolyte which has the following composition, g/l:______________________________________ hexapotassium-m-ethylenediamine-tetraacetobis- 10.5-210 (aurous sulphite) alkali metal salts of ethylenediamine- 17.8-140 tetraacetic acid distilled water the balance. ______________________________________The electrolyte can also incorporate additives--ethylenediaminetetraacetocopper (II)-bis(2-aminoethylammonium) or ethylenediamine tetraacetocadmium-bis-(2-aminoethylammonium) in an amount of from 0.01 to 15 g/l.The process for preparing the gold-plating electrolyte comprises interaction of the reagents--chloroauric acid, salts of alkali metals of ethylenediamineteteraacetic acid, an alkali metal sulphite, caustic potash and ammonium chloride; this process is effected in one stage in distilled water at a temperature of 80.degree.-90.degree. C., the components being present in the following proportions, g/l: ______________________________________ chloroauric acid 12.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution includes a cathode compartment having therein a cathode for producing hydrogen during electrolysis and an anode compartment having therein an anode for producing chlorine gas during electrolysis. A single conduit is at the bottom of the cell for charging sodium chloride solution into the compartments and for discharging therefrom solutions resulting from electrolysis. A porous partition substantially separates the compartments and has a lower end terminating above the bottom of the cell at the single conduit, such that the lower ends of the compartments are in free communication. A mixing chamber is connected to the upper ends of the two compartments to mix the hydrogen and chlorine gas and to dynamically balance the pressures in the two compartments, thereby preventing mixing of the products of electrolysis from the two compartments.

Abstract: A mask and encapsulating layer suitable for use on gallium arsenide substrates is described incorporating a layer of germanium selenide which is photosensitive and may be exposed and developed to form a mask suitable for ion implantation and which may also remain as a capping layer during an anneal process of ion implanted regions in a controlled atmosphere and temperature furnace wherein the layer of germanium selenide is converted to germanium which may subsequently be removed from the gallium arsenide substrate after the step of annealing.

Abstract: A filter-press type electrolytic cell is disclosed wherein sodium hypochlorite is produced by diaphragmless electrolysis of saline water. The filter-press electrolytic cell is compact and simple in structure, and operates with improved current efficiency, at a reduced cell voltage, and with less power and with minimal maintenance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing tri-iodo-, di-iodo- and mono-iodothyronines and tri-iodo, di-iodo and mono-iodothyroacetic acids, respectively from thyronine, triiodo or diiodothyro- nine and tetra-, tri- or diiodothyroacetic acid, by electrochemical reduction at controlled potential, in an aqueous medium rendered alkaline by the addition in particular of a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, whereby either the iodine in 5 position or the iodine in 3 position is selectively reduced, depending on the potential at which operation is carried out, and which is determined previously by plotting a polarograph of the starting substance.

Abstract: A method of resetting an anode spike in a vertical type Soderberg electrolytic furnace for aluminum, comprising inserting at least one paste block prepared by molding packing paste into a configuration conforming to that of the top end of a spike in the spike pit formed after pulling out the spike, and setting the spike again.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the treatment of surfaces of a workpiece of carbon-containing cast iron, and in particular of blind holes in gray iron cast workpieces, by electrochemical stock removal and mechanical reaming-and-plating. Electrochemical stock removal and mechanical reaming and plating are carried out in separate steps whose operating parameters are independently adjustable, the mechanical stock removal being essentially confined to a reaming-and-plating of the surface which does not entail a closing of graphite flakes. A cylinder bore produced by the method of the invention with desired roughness will have a dark, lustrous surface.

Abstract: A method of making rings which includes the steps of placing tubes into a container, filling the container with a bonding material in liquid form, solidifying the bonding material within the container, slicing the container into wafers and then removing the bonding material from the wafers leaving the rings as a residual product. The wafers can also be metalized in order to metalize the upper and lower faces of the rings embedded therein.

Abstract: A dish washing machine includes a wash tank for receipt of dishes to be washed and a hydraulic circuit for receiving water from a water supply source and for supplying water to the wash tank. An electrochemical cell for generating chlorine gas by the electrolysis of a brine solution is connected to the hydraulic circuit. A salt container is connected to the hydraulic circuit by at least one valve and forms brine to be supplied to the electrochemical cell. At least one chlorine gas supply conduit connects the electrochemical cell to the wash tank to thereby supply chlorine gas from the electrochemical cell to the interior of the wash tank.

Abstract: A method for electrodepositing metallic manganese in an electrolytic cell wherein a water soluble natural guargum and a polyacrylamide based polymer additive, natural or synthetic, is added to the electrolyte feed solution.

Abstract: A multi-strand wire electroerosion machining method and apparatus are disclosed wherein a plurality of wires dispensed from respective wire sources are fed separately into a wire travel path and are assembled via wire guides into a bundle thereof. The bundle of the wires traversing a fluid-flushed cutting zone defined between machining electrode guides constitutes a single traveling electrode for electroerosively machining a workpiece. The wires from the cutting zone are taken up into a collection site while they are held sufficiently taut between the electrode guides. The workpiece is displaced relative to the bundle of traveling wires transversely to the axis thereof to machine a desired contour in the workpiece. Preferably, the wires in the bundle are twisted. Also disclosed is a rotary die for shaping the wires in their travel path to provide the bundle with a predetermined cross-sectional contour spaced from the wall of the workpiece across the machining gap.

Abstract: A joint for used in connecting oil well casing and/or tubing and method of producing same are disclosed. The joint with improved metal-to-metal sealing properties as well as improved resistance to galling is made of an alloy steel containing 10% or more by weight of Cr and comprises a metal sealing portion and a threaded portion provided with an activating layer of a metal or an alloy selected iron, nickel, zinc, cobalt, copper, manganese, chromium and alloys thereof, and an electrodeposited layer of a metal or an alloy selected from iron, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, and alloys thereof.

Abstract: An electrolytic pool chlorinator for chlorinating a swimming pool or the like generates chlorine gas by electrolyzing a sodium chloride solution. A baffle within an anode chamber of the chlorinator isolates undissolved salt from an anode element while collecting chlorine gas liberated at the anode element. A level indicator slidingly extends downwardly into the anode chamber to indicate the level of undissolved salt therein. Chlorine gas collected by the baffle is intermixed with water in a packed column and discharged into a feeder tank. The feeder tank includes a float valve for regulating the flow of water into the packed column and out of the feeder tank.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas leak detector comprising; a tubular gas-sensitive element defining openings at both ends thereof, one end being a gas inlet and the other end a gas outlet, and made of an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte; a set of electrodes provided respectively on the inner and outer walls of the gas-sensitive element, the electrode on the outer wall being kept in contact with a reference gas; a heater adapted to heat the gas-sensitive element to a predetermined temperature at a location corresponding to the set of electrodes; and a catalytic layer provided on the surface of the electrode on the inner wall being kept in contact with a target gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and electrochemical cell useful for the selective electrochemical oxidation of aryl-compounds including aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, naphthalene and anthracene or their derivatives such as phenols and naphthols. The anodic electrode of the cell includes a first foraminous or porous layer of a hydrophobic material; a second foraminous or porous layer which includes an oxidation catalyst; and an electrical current collector in contact with the second layer. As a result of the special chemical properties and porosity of the first and second layers of the anode, and because of careful control of the pressure differential between the electrolyte solution and the aryl-compound, an active interface is formed by the electrolyte solution and aryl-compound between the first and second layers or in the second layer of the anode thereby providing for very selective controlled oxidation of the aryl-compound with excellent current efficiencies.

Abstract: Discloses an electrolytic cell having base-to-base bipolar electrodes in side-by-side configuration in a cell box where the cathodes are fabricated of titanium. The cathodes adjacent to external walls are perforated whereby to avoid hydride formation.