Abstract: An oxide bronze host material is a solid solution of a first oxide component comprising molybdenum oxide (MoO.sub.3), tungsten oxide (WO.sub.3), zirconium oxide (ZrO), niobium oxide (Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5) or any two or more thereof and a second oxide component comprising vanadium oxide (V.sub.2 O.sub.5) and/or titanium oxide (TiO.sub.2), the formula ratio of the first and second oxide components being selected such that the host material is capable of accepting guest atoms when incorporated in an electrochemical cell, said guest atoms altering the spectral characteristics of the host material without producing substantial visible color change in thin layers of the host material. Such a material may be used as a thin layer (12) in an electrochemical variable optical density window further including electrode layers (11, 15) on glass supports (10, 16) and an electrochromic oxide bronze layer (14) spaced from the layer (12) by an electrolyte layer (13a, 13b).

Abstract: A device for forming an image with a laser beam is disclosed. The device comprises a laser, means for on-off modulating a laser beam, means for converting a wavelength of the laser beam generated by the laser and means for scanning the laser beam. With means for converting a wavelength of the laser beam, the laser which generates a laser beam, the wavelength of which does not directly meet the requirements, may be adopted to form an image.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprises a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, an electrochromic layer provided between the first and second electrode layers, an electroconductive resin layer provided on the side opposite to the electrochromic layer with respect to the second electrode layer so as to contact the second electrode layer and a third electrode layer with resistance value lower than that of the second electrode layer. The third electrode layer is provided on the side opposite to the second electrode layer with respect to the electroconductive resin layer so as to contact the electroconductive resin layer. The electrochromic device further comprises means for giving a potential difference between the first electrode layer and the third electrode layer.

Abstract: A light modulator device for use in a light valve imaging system to image print media with different light colors comprising a panel of electro-optic material of the type which changes the polarization of transmitted light selectively upon application of an electric field and a plurality of electrode pairs, linearly spaced along the panel to define an array of modulator gap portions between respective electrode pairs. The modulator gap portions associated with different color filters have a different dimension selected respectively to effect maximum light transmission for different light colors under address by approximately the same voltage.

Abstract: Controlling the speed of an engine used with an automatic transmission to reduce tip in jerk includes determining any difference between transmission gearset speed and engine speed. Engine speed is increased if it is below transmission gearset speed so as to reduce any speed differential between the engine and transmission gearset.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for non-destructive radiation inspection including a radiation source, collimator, translatable slotted mask, adjustable resolution mask, and spaced scintillation counters is provided. Also provided is apparatus for one-sided inspection of materials which include an attenuation wedge, an X-ray tube alignment system and combination radiation direct detection on scatter detection arrays.

Abstract: Multiple quantum well (MQW) structures (24) are utilized to provide real-time, reliable, high-performance, optically-addressed spatial-light modulators (SLM) (10, 10'). Several embodiments are provided, including combination of MQW structures with PIN photodiodes of GaAs (12) or Si (12') to form two-dimensional arrays of pixel elements (92) on a single chip (90). In another embodiment, the optically-addressed SLM (50) comprises a vertical stack of MQW layers (52) within the penetration depth of an optical write signal (36), a plurality of space charge barriers (52b) having predetermined tunneling times by control of doping and thickness, whereby modulation sensitivity is high and no external voltage source is required. In yet another embodiment, the optically-addressed SLM (70) comprises a multiplicity of quarter-wave layers (72, 74) whose index of refraction is changed by changes in in the fields at the boundaries (80) responsive to the photocurrent generated by the incident write signal.

Abstract: A monolithic optical switch has one or more Faraday effect polarization rotation layers of bismuth doped gadolinium deposited on opposite sides of an optically inactive substrate. A non-magnetic reflecting surface is deposited on one side of the substrate over the rotator layer. A polarizing pair (crossed polarizer and analyzer elements) is deposited in a side-by-side arrangement over the Faraday rotator layer on the other side of the substrate. Plane polarized light from an optical fiber passes through the polarizer element, the rotator layer(s) and the substrate to the reflecting surface and is reflected back to the analyzer element on the other side. The presence of a magnetic field results in the rotation of the plane of polarization of the light so that passage of the reflected light through the analyzer to an output optical fiber depends on the presence or absence of the magnetic field.

Abstract: A device for the individual adjustment of the intensity of several spectral lamps (1, 2), the radiation of which is combined into a common ray path (4), is distinguished by the fact that a device is provided for the modulation of the emission of each of the spectral lamps (1,2) with a different frequency, a beam-splitting mirror (8) for extraction of a part of the total radiation is inserted into the common ray path (4), a photoelectric receiver (9) is provided for the generation of an electrical signal which is proportional to the intensity of the extracted radiation, and frequency filters (11, 23) which are tuned to the modulation frequencies of the spectral lamps (1, 2) are arranged behind the photoelectric receiver (9), regulators, comprising a phase-locked loop (PLL) (12, 22), an automatic gain control (AGC) (13, 23) and a power amplifier (10, 20), for control of the intensity of the respective spectral lamp (1, 2) being allocated to the frequency filters.

Abstract: For producing the first differential of a two-dimensional optical image, an image of electrical charges corresponding to the brightness distribution of the image is produced in a first layer of an optical structural element. The first, electrical charges storing layer includes a plurality of light sensitive detector elements arranged in a mosaic-type pattern (D.sub.i). The electrical charge image representing the brightness distribution is converted into a transmissivity or transparency distribution corresponding to the potential differences across said detector elements in the first layer, by a second layer made of a material (M) that is electro-optically modulatable for changing the transparency or degree of transparency.

Abstract: The system for generating and projecting laser images comprises essentially a deflector with two pencil galvanometers and a rotator with prisms, the laser beam being modulated by a modulator with two tracks, and a sweeping generator producing line and frame signals in the form of saw teeth without synchronization dots, and it is applied to a training simulation for aerial combat.

Abstract: This invention teaches an electrochromic device in which an electrochromic layer is positioned between two electrodes. The electrochromic layer comprises an organic based bulk material which has been polymerized and condensed supporting electrochromic particles and ion producing particles in fixed but generally distributed positions therewithin. The bulk material permits migration of ions produced by the ion producing particles to and from the electrochromic particles upon change in voltage between the first and second electrodes. The bulk material also prohibits the passage of electrons therethrough when a voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereby an electric field is built up between the first and second electrodes which causes migration of the ions. Also my invention is a method of making a material which can form an electrochromic layer. The method has the following steps. A gel producing organic material is dissolved in a solvent to produce a solution.

Abstract: A cover is provided for interchangeable character media or light sources including latch elements which interact with corresponding cooperating latches within a depression of the terminal equipment. The cover which can be released or attached at any time without the assistance of tools. The cover is fashioned strip-like and one end thereof includes a short nose cooperating with a recess in the depression whereas the other end of the cover has a resilient tab including a crowned thickening in its end region, this resilient tab engaging behind a shoulder within the depression. The cover lies against projections within the depression with pre-tension.

Abstract: A laser exposure system for use in scanning and recording images, the system comprising subdividing the laser beam from the laser source into several parallel traces of laser beams; modulating the laser beams individually in response to the image signals by means of a multi-channel optical modulator; directing the modulated laser beams through a first mirror and a second mirror so as to enable the laser beams from the second mirror to be in parallel with the reference plane with respect to the sub-scanning direction; varying the distance between the modulator and the first mirror; and adjusting the angles of the first and second mirrors to the reference plane so that a possible decline of the laser beams in the subscanning direction is compensated.

Abstract: In a high-frequency light polarization modulating device including a source of polarized light (SL), a generator (BOBI) of a periodic magnetic field (H.sub.p) having a pulsation (.omega.) and a magnetooptical garnet (GRI) receiving the beam (F.sub.i) emitted by the source and the field (H.sub.p), in order to produce a beam (F.sub.mi) of modulated polarized light, the invention provides that the generator (BOBI) comprises a microcoil disposed on the garnet in such a manner as to produce a magnetic field perpendicular to it. The garnet (GRI) is monocrystalline, in thin layers, and anisotropic, and its direction of easy magnetization is perpendicular to its plane. The invention is applicable to magnetooptical memories.

Abstract: A solid-state multi-color electrochromic display cell having a distinct organic electrochromic chemical layer having one side immediately adjacent a display electrode and the other side adjacent a solid electrolyte.

Abstract: This specification is directed to electrochromic optical shutter (10) in which an electrochromic material (12), an ion conductor (14), and a counter electrode (16), in that order, are sandwiched between visibly transparent electrodes (18). The shutter is improved by forming the ion conductor from a lithium-doped aluminum oxide applied to, as a base therefor, either the electrochromic material or the counter electrode. The material is applied by a pyrolytic spray process in which a solution containing lithium and aluminum as pyrolyzable organic salts dissolved in an organic medium are sprayed on the base. The base has been previously heated to a temperature sufficient to pyrolyze the sprayed materials and form a lithium-doped, aluminum oxide ion conductor layer. The counter electrode may be removed, in which case the ion conductor would be applied to either the electrochromic material or one of the visibly transparent electrodes.

Abstract: A construction for reducing image artifacts in electro-optic imaging apparatus of the kind having (i) a linear array of spaced, selectively activatible, light valve elements having generally equal element widths, (ii), an optical system for forming an image of the light valve at a linear image zone and (iii) a mirror for scan-indexing the array image along said image zone. The spacings between array elements increase progressively from the center to the ends of the array to obviate under or over scan of adjacent image regions.

Abstract: A process for acousto-optic modulation of a monochromatic light beam, delivered by a laser, consists in deflecting the light beam in an acousto-optic modulator which receives a composite electric signal. The composite signal has at least one modulation frequency. It further includes two compensation components. The overall acoustic power applied to the modulator is maintained at a substantially constant value by servo-controlling the electric power of the two compensation components having frequencies which are mutually different and different from the modulation frequency or frequencies.

Abstract: An incident beam (5) composed by a plurality of rays passes through a crystal (1') in which the rays of given wavelengths (.lambda.1, .lambda.2, .lambda.3) are modulated and deflected to be recieved by respective mirrors including a most distant mirror which is furthest from the crystal (1') and is a conventional optical mirror reflecting along an optical axis (42), while the intermediate mirrors (40, 41) are holographic mirrors which reflect the other rays (.lambda.2, .lambda.1) collinearly along the same optical axis (42).