Abstract: A highly pure ultra-fine SiOx (wherein x is from 0.6 to 1.8) powder having a specific surface area of at least 10 m2/g and a total content of Na, Fe, Al and Cl of at most 10 ppm is provided. The SiOx powder is produced by reacting a monosilane gas with a gas capable of oxidizing the monosilane gas in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere under a pressure of from 10 to 1000 kPa at a temperature of from 500 to 1000° C. In this case, the amount of the non-oxidizing gas is preferably larger than the total amount of the monosilane gas and oxygen participating in the oxidation of the gas capable of oxidizing the monosilane gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of processing an acid suspension containing at least one solid, wherein (a) the suspension containing at least one solid is mixed with an alkali metal silicate solution, the pH of the mixture being adjusted to a pH of more than 4, and (b) the resulting precipitate which contains the alkali metal silicate and the at least one solid is separated and optionally washed, dried and ground. The mixture according to (a) after aging may be acidified further by the addition of an acid. Furthermore, there are disclosed an adsorbent obtainable according to the preceding process, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A process for efficient, low-pressure production of sodium or potassium hypochlorite. A liquid containing hypochlorite is introduced into a mixing chamber to create a dispersed liquid phase moving generally downward through the mixing chamber. Cl2 is introduced into the mixing chamber to create a continuous gas phase containing Cl2 moving in concurrent flow, while reacting, with the dispersed liquid phase to produce hypochlorite. The reactants are constrained to pass through a static mixer that aids the reaction without causing any substantial foaming in aqueous hypochlorite that collects at the bottom of the mixing.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorine gas of the invention comprises a step (1) of generating a fluorine gas by sectioning the interior of a fluorine gas generation container equipped with a heating means, by the use of a structure having gas permeability, then filling each section with a high-valence metal fluoride and heating the high-valence metal fluoride. The process may comprise a step (2) of allowing the high-valence metal fluoride, from which a fluorine gas has been generated in the step (1), to occlude a fluorine gas. According to the process of the invention, a high-purity fluorine gas that is employable as an etching gas or a cleaning gas in the process for manufacturing semiconductors or liquid crystals can be produced inexpensively on a mass scale.

Abstract: The present invention provides an oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas, capable of achieving an excellent catalytic activity at a lower temperature for particulates and high boiling point hydrocarbons in exhaust gas from internal-combustion engines. The oxidation catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas according to the present invention is a composite metal oxide represented by the general formula: LnyMn1-xAxO3, wherein Ln is a metal selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu; A is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Nb, Ta, and Ru; 0.005?x?0.2; and 0.9?y?1. Ln is Y. The composite metal oxide has a hexagonal structure.

Abstract: A method for removing water molecules from a vacuum chamber for carrying out a process on a target object in vacuum includes the steps of introducing into the vacuum chamber a water molecule removal gas including at least a reduction gas which reduces the water molecules to produce hydrogen molecules and a halogen-based gas which reacts with the produced hydrogen molecules to produce acid, exhausting gases in the vacuum chamber measuring an amount of water molecules present inside the vacuum chamber, and determining whether or not the measured amount of water molecules is greater than or equal to a threshold value, wherein if the measured amount of water molecules is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the water molecule removal gas is introduced into the vacuum chamber in the introducing step.

Abstract: A method of forming rare earth oxide nanocrystals include the steps of dissolving a rare earth including compound in a solution containing at least one organic solvent, heating the solution to a temperature of at least 160° C., wherein a concentration of the rare earth including compound provided upon decomposition is sufficient to provide critical supersaturation of at least one active intermediate in the solution to nucleate a plurality of rare earth oxide nanocrystals. The plurality of rare earth nanocrystals are then grown, wherein the growing step proceeds at least in part in the absence of critical supersaturation of the active intermediate. The rare earth nanocrystals can assemble into at least one close-packed, ordered nanocrystal superlattice.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing manganese fluoride, comprising a step (1) of allowing a manganese compound such as MnF2 having been dried at a temperature of not lower than 100° C. to react with a fluorinating agent such as F2 at a temperature of 50 to 250° C. and a step (2) of further allowing a product obtained in the step (1) to react with a fluorinating agent at a temperature of 250 to 450° C. According to this process, manganese fluoride capable of generating a fluorine gas can be easily and inexpensively produced on a mass scale under the conditions of low temperature and low pressure without going through steps of sublimation and solidification.

Abstract: A hydrophobic fumed silica treated with a cyclic dimethylsiloxane, the hydrophobic fumed silica having an M-value representing an oleophilic degree in a range of 48 to 65, a tapping bulk density of not smaller than 80 g/L but not larger than 130 g/L, and an n-value representing the dispersion of 3.0 to 3.5 as measured in toluene. The hydrophobic fumed silica features a high bulk density while exhibiting a high hydrophobic property, the powder thereof capable of being favorably handled, being easily mixed in a matrix such as of a resin within short periods of time, and, further, being dispersed in the matrix to a high degree.

Abstract: A honeycomb structural body comprises one or plural pillar-shaped porous ceramic members in which many through-holes are arranged side by side in a longitudinal direction through partition walls and either one end portions of these through-holes are sealed. The partition wall forming the structural body has a surface roughness of not less than 10 ?m as a maximum roughness Rz defined in JIS B0601-2001 and an average pore size of 5-100 ?m in a pore distribution measured by a mercury pressure method, and satisfies the following relationship: A?90?B/20 or A?100?B/20 when a ratio pores having a pore size of 0.9-1.1 times the average pore size to total pore volume is A (%) and a thickness of the partition wall is B (?m), and there is proposed an effective honeycomb structural body having excellent pressure loss and catching efficiency and a high catalyst reactivity.

Abstract: Methods of making basic aluminum halides, such as basic aluminum chlorides, are described, which includes the use of catalysts, such as nickel cations or cobalt cations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of differentiating metallic carbon nanotubes from semiconducting carbon nanotubes. The method comprising providing a nanotube dispersion, wherein the nanotube dispersion comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes, osmium tetroxide, or ruthenium tetroxide, and a solvent; and irradiating the nanotube dispersion with ultraviolet light, wherein the metallic carbon nanotubes are osmylated, or ruthenylated, thereby differentiating the metallic carbon nanotubes from the semiconducting carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Disclosed is metal composite oxides having the new crystal structure. Also disclosed are ionic conductors including the metal composite oxides and electrochemical devices comprising the ionic conductors. The metal composite oxides have an ion channel formed for easy movement of ions due to crystallographic specificity resulting from the ordering of metal ion sites and metal ion defects within the unit cell. Therefore, the metal composite oxides according to the present invention are useful in an electrochemical device requiring an ionic conductor or ionic conductivity.

Abstract: A method for removing fluorine gas from a selected environment comprises contacting the fluorine gas with water to generate a solution of hydrofluoric acid and contacting the solution of hydrofluoric acid with an ion exchange resin having an active state operative to exchange selected ions therein for fluoride ions in the solution. The apparatus (200) may include a dual resin setup (222, 223) such that one of the ion-exchange resin can be in the service cycle while the other of the ion-exchange resins undergoes the regeneration and rinse/refill cycles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of trichlorosilane by reaction of silicon with HCl gas at a temperature between 250 and 1100° C., and an absolute pressure of 0.5-30 atm in a fluidized bed reactor, in a stirred bed reactor or a solid bed reactor, where the silicon supplied to the reactor contains between 30 and 10.000 ppm chromium. The invention further relates to silicon for use in the production of trichlorosilane by reaction of silicon with HCl gas, containing between 30 and 10.000 ppm 10 chromium, the remaining except for normal impurities being silicon.

Abstract: A cost-effective process is described for the preparation of a stable and non-hazardous brominating reagent containing 2:1 stoichiometric ratio of alkali bromide to alkali bromate. The process comprises of reacting alkaline bromine intermediate mixture, obtained from bromine recovery plant, with chlorine gas in the presence of a strong alkali to oxidize the bromide ions to bromate ions. This brominating reagent is useful for the bromination of aromatic compounds by substitutions.

Abstract: A process for the production of calcium bromide from feed brines, particularly from Dead Sea End Brine (EB), is described. The process comprises extracting the feed brine in countercurrent with a composite organic solvent; optionally, purifying the extract to increase the ratio Br:Cl by contacting it with a part of the product; and washing the purified extract with water to yield the product, that is an aqueous solution of CaBr2. The composite solvent comprises an anionic extractant, such as an amine or a mixture of amines; a cationic extractant, such as a carboxylic phosphoric or sulphonic acid or a mixtures of said acids; and diluent/modifier, which is an organic solvent. An apparatus for the production of calcium bromide is also described, which comprises: an extraction battery; optionally, a purification battery; and a washing battery, wherein at least one of the batteries comprises a plurality of stages.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalytically-active material having at least one base component and at least one catalytically-active component in which the at least one base component is heated to a softening or melting temperature to form a softened or molten base component. While the base component is in the softened or molten state, at least one catalytically-active component is incorporated into or onto the base component, forming the catalytically-active material. In accordance with one embodiment, a catalyst precursor is introduced into the base component and subsequently transformed to a catalytically-active component.

Abstract: A process for efficient separation/recovery of copper involving selective extraction of the copper ion with the aid of an organic extractant from an aqueous chloride solution containing copper and one or more concomitant elements, discharged from an extractive metallurgy of non-ferrous metals or the like, and subsequent stripping. The process of solvent extraction of copper which treats an aqueous chloride solution containing copper and one or more concomitant elements to separate/recover copper, comprising the first step for selective extraction of copper from the aqueous chloride solution by mixing the solution with an extractant of organic solvent composed of tributyl phosphate as the major component after adjusting the solution at an oxidation-reduction potential of 0 to 350 mV (based on an Ag/AgCl electrode), and the second step for stripping of copper by mixing the extractant in which copper is stripped with an aqueous solution.

Abstract: A hydrogen iodide manufacturing method which includes a step of producing aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide and sulfuric acid by causing iodine-containing aqueous solution and sulfur dioxide to react with each other in a pressurized condition. The pressurized condition may be of not lower than 0.1 MPa in gauge pressure. The method may further include: a separation step of adding iodine to the aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide and separating an upper phase containing sulfuric acid relatively to a large extent and a lower phase containing hydrogen iodide relatively to a large extent; and a step of producing hydrogen iodide by adding sulfur dioxide to the upper phase in a pressurized condition and extracting the produced hydrogen iodide to the lower phase.