Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for achieving turbulent or fast fluidized bed regeneration of spent FCC catalyst in a bubbling bed regenerator having a stripper mounted over the regenerator and a stripped catalyst standpipe within the regenerator. A coke combustor vessel is immersed in, and in open fluid communication with, the bubbling dense bed of the existing regenerator vessel. Spent catalyst is discharged into the coke combustor, mixes with hot regenerated catalyst which flows into the coke combustor, and regenerated with combustion air in a turbulent or fast fluidized bed. Catalyst and flue gas are discharged up into a dilute phase transport riser, preferably into cyclone which separate hot regenerated catalyst from flue gas. Regenerated catalyst is collected in the bubbling dense bed surrounding the coke combustor, and some is recycled by flowing into the coke combustor for direct contact heat exchange.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for achieving turbulent or fast fluidized bed regeneration of spent FCC catalyst in a bubbling bed regenerator having a stripper mounted over the regenerator and a stripped catalyst standpipe within the regenerator. A closed coke combustor vessel is added to the existing regenerator vessel, and spent catalyst is discharged into the coke combustor and regenerated in a turbulent or fast fluidized bed, and discharged up into a dilute phase transport which preferably encompasses, and is in a countercurrent heat exchange relationship with, the spent catalyst standpipe. Regenerated catalyst is discharged from the dilute phase transport riser, and collected in the bubbling dense bed surrounding the coke combustor. Catalyst may be recycled from the dense bed to the coke combustor for direct contact heat exchange. Catalyst coolers may be used on catalyst recycle lines to the coke combustor, or on the line returning regenerated catalyst to the cracking reactor.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for achieving multistage, hot catalyst stripping of spent FCC catalyst in a bubbling bed regenerator having a stripper mounted over the regenerator and a stripped catalyst standpipe within the regenerator. A secondary or hot catalyst stripper is placed under the primary stripper and within the existing regenerator vessel. Spent catalyst from the primary stripper is heated in the secondary stripper by at least one of immersion in the bubbling dense bed of hot regenerated catalyst, addition of hot regenerated catalyst recovered from the discharged into the coke combustor and regenerated in a turbulent or fast fluidized bed, and discharged up into a dilute phase transport riser which preferably encompasses, and is in a countercurrent heat exchange relationship with, the spent catalyst standpipe. Regenerated catalyst is discharged from the dilute phase transport riser, and collected in the bubbling dense bed surrounding the coke combustor.

Abstract: A dual function composite catalyst for isomerizing an isomerization feed containing an aromatic C.sub.8 mixture of ethyl benzene and xylene, comprises (a) a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite having a low acid activity as measured by an alpha value of from 0.02 to 11, an average crystal size of not more than 0.4 microns for at least 50% by weight of the crystals, a silica to alumina ratio of at least about 12, a constraint index of about 1 to 12, a xylene sorption capacity greater than 1 gram per 100 grams of zeolite, and an ortho-xylene sorption time for 30 percent of said capacity less than 10 minutes, said sorption capacity and sorption time being measured at 120.degree. C. and a xylene pressure of 4.5.+-.0.8 mm of mercury, and (b) a supported metal of Group VIII of the Periodic Table having a high hydrogenation/dehydrogenation activity to provide the catalyst with a dehydrogenation activity of at least 10. The catalyst has an alpha value of 0.005 to 3.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of converting light hydrocarbons to olefins, gasoline and methanol. In the first stage, a gas containing one or more light hydrocarbons is synthesized to higher hydrocarbons including raw gasoline. However, at commercially acceptable selectivities using currently available catalyst, a majority of the light hydrocarbons remain unsynthesized. In addition, the synthesis produces significant quantities of carbon dioxide and some carbon monoxide. In this method the unsynthesized light hydrocarbons and the oxides of carbon are used to produce methanol, which can be used for several purposes including gasoline or ethylene synthesis.

Abstract: A method for purifying a cumene recycle stream by removing 2-phenyl-2-propanol and cumene hydroperoxide before the cumene is distilled and recycled to the peroxidation reactor which comprises reacting the recycle cumene in the presence of an acid treated montmorillonite clay of the formula:M.sub.x/n.sup.n+.sub..y H.sub.2 O(Al.sub.4-x Mg.sub.x) (Si.sub.8)O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4or in the presence of a catalyst comprising phosphoric acid on silica.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oil, containing asphaltene, sulfur and metal contaminants, is hydrotreated in the presence of a hydrotreating catalyst having a small pore diameter in an initial process step to remove sulfur and metal contaminants. Removal of additional metal and sulfur contaminants is then accomplished in a second process step by solvent deasphalting, wherein the size of the pore diameter of the hydrotreating catalyst utilized in the initial hydrotreating step affects the metals rejection in the subsequent solvent deasphalting step. In a third process step the deasphalted oil is catalytically cracked substantially in the absence of added hydrogen to provide lower boiling hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocarbon fractionation and extraction making it possible to obtain a petrol with an improved octane number and a kerosene with an improved smoke point.According to the invention a charge with a final boiling point of at least 220.degree. C. is fractionated into three fractions:a light petrol containing less than 10% aromatics and boiling points at 25.degree. to 80.degree. C.,a medium petrol (80.degree. C. and at the most 150.degree. C.), whose end point is determined by a nitrogen content below 50 ppm,a heavy petrol with an end point equal to or below 220.degree. C.,be a selective liquid solvent aromatics are then extracted from the heavy petrol producing a refined product which is poured into the kerosene pool or diesel fuel,the solvent is regenerated by reextraction using light petrol so as to produce an aromatics-enriched petrol fraction with an improved octane number.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalyst composition useful in treating hydrocarbons contaminated with vanadium residues, the catalyst comprising a zeolite, a matrix and certain heavier alkaline earth metal oxides.

Abstract: 1,3-Diethynyl-5,7-dimethyladamantane; 1,3,5-triethynyladamantane; 3,3'-diethynyl-1,1'-biadamantane; 1-ethynyldiamantane; 1,4-diethynyldiamantane; 1,6-diethynyldiamantane and 4,9-diethynyldiamantane as new compositions of matter, and a method of forming them in which adamantane; 1,3-dimethyladamatane; 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyladamantane; 1,1'-biadamantane and diamantane are each brominated to form a bromo derivative thereof; the bromo derivative is reacted with vinyl bromide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst to convert it to its corresponding 2,2-dibromoethyl derivative and the 2,2-dibromoethyl derivative is subjected to dehydrohalogenation to convert it to its final ethynyl form. The 1,3-diethynyl-5,7-dimethyladamantane; 1,3,5-triethynyladamantane; 3,3'-diethynyl-1,1'-biadamantane; 1,4-diethynyldiamantane; 1,6-diethynyldiamantane and 4,9-diethynyldiamantane can be heat cured to form homopolymers having useful commercial properties.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feeds are dewaxed and hydrotreated in a two-stage dewaxing-hydrotreating reactor system with interstage separation of olefinic and naphtha and light olefins. Separation of the naphtha and olefins is carried out by stripping the effluent from the dewaxing reactor with a stripping medium such as make-up hydrogen or vapor from the hydrotreater effluent. Hydrogen recycle for the dewaxer and the hydrotreater is taken from the stripper/separator after removal of the olefinic naphtha and removal of contaminants. Separation of the lighter olefins from the olefinic naphtha may be improved by the use of an oil solvent such as naphtha introduced into the top of the interstage stripper/separator so that the recycle gas from the stripper/separator is essentially free of wet gas and heavier fractions.

Abstract: In a coal liquefaction process an aqueous slurry of coal is prepared containing a dissolved liquefaction catalyst. A small quantity of oil is added to the slurry and then coal-oil agglomerates are prepared by agitation of the slurry at atmospheric pressure. The resulting mixture is drained of excess water and dried at atmospheric pressure leaving catalyst deposited on the agglomerates. The agglomerates then are fed to an extrusion device where they are formed into a continuous ribbon of extrudate and fed into a hydrogenation reactor at elevated pressure and temperature. The catalytic hydrogenation converts the extrudate primarily to liquid hydrocarbons in the reactor. The liquid drained in recovering the agglomerates is recycled.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking 343.degree. C..sup.+ feedstock is disclosed. The process employs a catalyst which comprises a layered silicate, such as magadiite or kenyaite, which contains interspathic polymeric silica. The catalyst also contains at least one base metal, i.e., Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Co, and Ni.

Abstract: Enhanced recovery of oil from an oil-containing particulate shale sludge is achieved by contacting the sludge with a light hydrocarbon solvent fraction, obtained from the processing of oil derived from the shale, in the presence of water to form an oil-solvent liquid phase which is separated from an aqueous phase containing oil-depleted shale. The oil-solvent liquid phase when introduced into a slurry of product oil and particulate contained within a shale retort provides several advantages, including lowering the viscosity of the product oil and enhanced separation of the product oil from the particulate shale.

Abstract: A method of converting a side by side FCC arrangement adds a new reactor vessel and uses the regenerator vessel and reactor vessel to provide a regeneration section having at least three stages of regeneration that is used as part of an enlarged FCC process. In simplest form, the conversion method calls for the use of the regeneration vessel as a first-stage regeneration zone, the use of the reactor vessel as a second-stage regeneration zone, and the use of the spent catalyst stripper as a third stage of regeneration. This arrangement provides a second stage of regeneration that is positioned to facilitate the addition of partially regenerated catalyst to the stripping zone to facilitate the operation of a hot catalyst stripping section.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the separation of light hydrocarbons from a feedstream containing hydrogen, light hydrocarbons and heavy hydrocarbons. The processes employ thermal swing adsorption zone to adsorb heavy hydrocarbons and a pressure swing adsorption zone to remove the remaining light hydrocarbons. At least a portion of the product from the pressure swing adsorption zone is used to purge the thermal swing adsorption zone. Specific applications of the process of the present invention are disclosed with relation to hydrodealkylation processes and dehydrocyclodimerization processes.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for separating mixtures of aromatics and non-aromatics into aromatic-enriched and non-aromatic-enriched streams by contacting the aromatic/non-aromatics mixture with one side of a polyarylate membrane and selectively permeating the aromatic components through the membrane.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for separating mixtures of aromatics and non-aromatics into aromatic-enriched and non-aromatic-enriched streams by contacting the mixture with one side of a polyphthalate-carbonate membrane and selectively permeating the aromatic components of the mixture through the membrane.

Abstract: A process for the continuous extraction of mixtures of organic substances including high boiling point constituents and/or constituents which do not boil but which melt with at least one solvent in the supercritical state, selected from the group consisting of CO.sub.2, propane, butane, pentane, petroleum ether, water, and having a critical temperature, T.sub.k, and a critical pressure, P.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for the hydrodemetallization, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydroconversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock containing asphaltenes, metals and Shell hot filtration solids precursors. The process utilizes a catalyst mixture wherein one component of the mixture is a relatively small pore catalyst and another component is a catalyst that possesses a relatively large amount of macropore volume.