Abstract: A method of making and an amperometric electrode are provided. An electrode carbon ink is applied to a polymer substrate to form a working electrode. The substrate carrying the working electrode is placed in a gas plasma cleaner, such as an oxygen or nitrogen plasma, to clean the working electrode. A high radio frequency signal excites the gas plasma for a short exposure time in a range between 10 seconds and 30 seconds. Then a reagent layer is deposited to the plasma treated working electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gel slab electrophoresis device having novel temperature and heat control capability. The electrophoresis device includes a sample unit having a pair of transversely-spaced first and second plates containing a gel cast, these plates having open top and bottom slots spaced therebetween. An integral part of the apparatus is a heat sink which is in thermal communication with the sample unit, the heat sink constituting a pneumatic circuit for both heat distribution and removal to and from the gel cast. There is also provided upper and lower solution chambers, both filled with conductive solutions, and both in fluid communication with the respective top and bottom portions of the gel. The apparatus also includes an arrangement for applying an electrical potential between the upper and lower solution chambers and, thereby, across the entire vertical length of the gel. Additionally provided is a refrigeration sub-system, the output of which is heat exchanged into the pneumatic circuit.

Abstract: An improved process is provided herein for the preparation of immobilized transition metal catalysts containing up to about 60 wt. % bound transition metal. These catalysts are obtained by heating a hydroxylic support with an excess of a transition metal alkoxide in an inert hydrocarbon and in the presence of water.