Abstract: For concentration and possible purification of mineral acids, particularly sulphuric acid, a furnace which can be heated is utilized, in which one or several long quartz tubes are placed. The quartz tubes are sealed at the upper and lower parts of the furnace and inside the furnace the quartz tube is heated from the outside with the utilized means. The acid which is to be treated is fed to the respective quartz tube via the upper parts of this, and the purified acid is collected in a vessel located at the lower parts of the quartz tube. Packings of small and/or medium dimensions are arranged in the quartz tubes.

Abstract: In digging and hauling soil, rocks, minerals and the like by the use of a dragline the invention provides a novel combination of said dragline, a conveyor means for hauling the materials dug, and a hopper means disposed over and movable along said conveyor means whereby material may be efficiently excavated and transported out of the working area.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for cooling liquids containing solids by expansion comprising of cyclone which consists of an inlet chamber and a separating part, the cross-section of the inlet chamber being 5 to 30 times greater than that of the product delivery pipe which opens into the inlet chamber, and said inlet chamber before opening into the ring chamber becoming continuously reduced in width and continuously increased in height, and the separating part, to which the inlet chamber is tangentially attached, consisting of a ring chamber below which there is a separating cylinder of smaller diameter, these two parts being connected by a sloping surface.

Abstract: A process which effectively removes nitrogen from natural gas over a wide range of nitrogen concentrations and wherein the natural gas may also contain high concentrations of heavy hydrocarbons. The process is especially advantageous for the purification of a natural gas stream recovered from a petroleum field where nitrogen injection is employed as an enhanced recovery technique.

Abstract: The process for the production of molded metallurgical coke from dried coal or fine coal mixtures with a low swelling index particularly highly volatile fine coal comprises mixing normal washed fine coal or fine coal mixtures of a grain size of from 0 to 10 mm and a swelling index of not more than 5 with a binder, pressing the mixture into briquettes, oxidizing the briquettes in a continuous material flow stream, and coking the oxidized briquettes continuously in an oven chamber by supplying indirectly and exhausting the coke oven gases with a temperature of 300.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method and apparatus for treating particulate material. The said material is injected into a chamber. The material subsequently thereto is sprayed with a moistening material. At the same time gases are introduced at the top of the chamber and at the bottom thereof whereby the moisture on the particulate material is evaporated at a controlled rate. The parameters are such that the applied moisture has an opportunity to penetrate the particulate material for a short period of time to achieve some agglomeration before the moisture is evaporated. A fluidized bed is maintained at the bottom of the chamber and the treated particulate material is removed in this fashion.

Abstract: The endpoint of devolatilization of a coal mass in a coke oven during a coking cycle is determined by providing a probe which is capable of supplying an electrical signal which indicates the effective thickness of a layer of carbon deposited on the probe by gas released from the coal mass and in addition indicates the rate of devolatilization of the coal mass which is a measure of the heat input to the coal mass and can be used to control heat input to the coke oven.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for standard distillation of a mixture of carbon dioxide and ethane derived from a prior separation state in a way that greater than normal separation is obtained. The greater separation is accomplished in two stages. In the first stage, an azeotrope of carbon dioxide and ethane is formed in a first distillation column at a first pressure. The azeotropic mixture is then transferred to a second distillation column operated at a second pressure. The second pressure is at least 150 psia greater or less than the first pressure and is sufficient to shift the phase curves or equilibrium ratios so that additional separation of the ethane and carbon dioxide is accomplished in the second column. Preferably, if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the original ethane-carbon dioxide mixture is less than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the azeotrope, the pressure in the second column will be lower than pressure in the first column.

Abstract: A process for removing troublesome precipitates of condensable gases in a heat exchanger of a continuously operated low temperature installation in which gas to be cooled, such as air, which contains condensable gases at ambient temperature is passed from a warm end to a cold end of the exchanger through a storage material and over heat exchange surfaces--maintained at a temperature ranging from -165.degree. C. to -160.degree. C. at the cold end--and cold regenerator gas free of condensable gases is alternately passed from the cold end to the warm end over the storage material and heat exchanger surfaces to remove precipitates of the condensable gases therefrom in a cyclic operation, without total shut-down of the installation, involves the further step of introducing warm gas which is at a temperature of between 0.degree. C. and +110.degree. C.

Abstract: The application relates to a baking method, wherein the quantity of dough necessary for the making of a one-piece baked product is primarily divided into small-sized, approximately round dumplings having a diameter up to 34 millimeters and thereafter subjected to piece fermentation and to a primary baking process a time sufficient to permit the formation of a skin-like coating or of a beginning crust. These dumplings, if desired, after intermediate deep-freezing, storage and defrosting, respectively, are transformed into a single-layer or multi-layer heap arrangement or heap of bulk goods and exposed to the flowing action of hot gases and/or vapors in a second baking process until they are baked together, the gaps between the same are at least partially closed and crust formation has been completed.

Abstract: An improved distillative separation of carbon dioxide and light hydrocarbons is disclosed in which the formation of an azeotrope between these components is prevented by addition of an agent to said distillation column and in which prevention of the azeotrope allows a more complete separation to be achieved.

Abstract: Livestock and poultry excreta can be treated to destroy pathogenic bacteria therein and to eliminate offensive odors by contacting the excreta with from 0.10 to 3% by weight of the waste matter of a liquid aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde in aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method of concentrating and drying water-containing fluent media, especially waste water concentrates, wherein an additive is incorporated in the water-containing fluent media for separating the solids thereof without the formation of scale and the liquid is evaporated. The additive comprises precipitates containing hydroxides, phosphates or arsenates of magnesium, calcium, zinc, aluminum or iron.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for separating fine material from coarse material.The screens at present in use in the mining industry usually are so-called shaking screens. They comprise a screen-cloth, which is subjected to a vibration movement. This type of screen, however, has a very high noise level and also is exposed to heavy wear owing to the vibrations, to which the screen parts are subjected.The present invention has the object to provide an apparatus of the kind referred to above, in which the noise level and the mechanical wear are substantially lower than at conventional screens.

Abstract: A coke side gantry car for a battery of coke ovens supports an extractor and a cleaner for the door, a door frame cleaner, a coke guide grating and a hood for collecting emissions during coke pushing operations. At least one of a plurality of rails to support the gantry car is disposed on the coke platform and another of the rails is disposed outwardly therefrom above and generally parallel with tracks for a hot coke car. A coke guide grating in a casing with continuous side walls moves axially of the oven chamber between the chamber opening and an outward position where a substantial part of the weight is carried by the outer track for the gantry car. The casing extends around the grating and covers the side walls thereof. The casing cooperates with members to form a seal with the coke oven chamber and the smoke hood.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recovering vapors from a polymer solution comprising liquid solvent and polymer.

Abstract: A screening panel for use in sieving applications, comprising an elongate strip moulded from resilient plastics material such as polyurethane and having side flanges incorporated channels engageable with parallel framing bars arranged across the screening area.

Abstract: An expansion engine fixed to a flange so as to extend into a vacuum tank comprises an outer cylinder inserted in said vacuum tank and having its proximal end opening into the atmosphere, an inner cylinder removably inserted from its distal side into said outer cylinder through said opening, a piston capable of reciprocating inside said inner cylinder and having an exhaust valve, an intake valve mechanism disposed on the distal side of said inner cylinder and capable of moving together with said inner cylinder, and O-rings disposed between said inner and outer cylinders to seal the interface between said cylinders airtightly.

Abstract: Oxygen gas is produced at greater than atmospheric pressure by separating air into oxygen-rich and nitrogen-rich fractions in a distillation column, removing the oxygen as liquid and pumping it to the desired pressure and subsequently vaporizing the pumped liquid oxygen by means of energy absorbed from a recirculation argon containing fluid.

Abstract: Hop extract containing a high proportion of a desired constituent, hop oil, .alpha.-acids or .beta.-acids, is formed by extracting hops with pressurized fluid carbon dioxide, collecting separate fractions of the extract obtained at different times, and selecting the fraction having a high proportion of the desired constituent. Fractions containing (a) at least 70% of the available hop oil at at least 10% concentration, and (b) at least 25% of the available .alpha.-acids at at least 55% concentration, may be obtained in a single process by extracting initially at a lower temperature in the range 0.degree. C. to -57.degree. C. and subsequently at a higher temperature in the range -5.degree. C. to 31.degree. C.