Abstract: Fine grained copper-based or nickel-based memory alloys having a matrix of .beta.-high temperature phase with metal oxide particles dispersed in the matrix which act to retard grain growth have improved mechanical characteristics such as elongation, toughness and workability, compared to cast and worked alloys. These alloys are produced by powder metallurgy.

Abstract: Gaseous hydrogen and oxygen are combined in an upwardly extending casing containing a catalytic assembly in an intermediate portion of the casing with means for distributing hydrogen gas in the catalytic assembly, distributing cooling water and oxygen feeds downwardly from a top portion of the casing on to the catalytic assembly and draining water from a bottom portion of the casing is recirculated. Combined oxygen and hydrogen entrained in the draining water are extracted by tapping water from the recirculating draining water. The catalyst assembly comprises high surface area, porous supports with platinum in the pores and a polytetrafluoroethylene coating over the supports, the platinum particles comprising about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight % of the total weight of the supports, platinum and polytetrafluoroethylene, and the polytetrafluoroethylene comprises about 2 to about 4 weight % of the total weight of support, platinum and polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: Silicon carbide fiber reinforced glass composites are disclosed having high strength, fracture toughness, and oxidative stability, even in high temperature use environments. Disclosed composites include silicon carbide fiber reinforced borosilicate glass, high silica content glass, and aluminosilicate glass. Flexural strengths in excess of 40,000 psi up to temperatures as high as 1150.degree. C. are attained with such composites.

Abstract: An improved process for the removal of urea from urea-containing waste water by hydrolysis and desorption of the ammonia and carbon dioxide thus formed. Urea-containing waste water is treated in a process for the separation of ammonia and carbon dioxide from mixtures thereof, which process has (a) an ammonia separation zone wherefrom ammonia, substantially free of carbon dioxide and water, is obtained, (b) a carbon dioxide separation zone wherefrom carbon dioxide, substantially free of ammonia and water is obtained, and (c) a desorption zone wherefrom water, substantially free of carbon dioxide and ammonia is obtained. The urea is substantially completely hydrolyzed and the ammonia and carbon dioxide produced thereby can be recovered.

Abstract: Fixed ammonia in an aqueous stream is converted to free ammonia in solution by mixing the stream with a lime slurry in a mixing zone. The resulting liquid mixture is heated by contact with steam-containing gas to a temperature of at least about 95.degree. C. to form a heated liquid mixture containing free ammonia in solution and an ammonia-rich product vapor. A portion of the heated liquid mixture is withdrawn and is contacted with steam in a packed stripping zone to produce liquid waste and vapor containing free ammonia and steam. At least a portion of the vapor from the stripper is used as steam-containing gas for heating the liquid mixture. Ammonia is recovered from ammonia-rich product vapor withdrawn from the mixing zone.

Abstract: A start-up technique for a carbon black production process, in which carbon black laden effluent smoke from a carbon black furnace is quenched to terminate the reaction and cool said smoke and said smoke is thereafter cooled, at least in part, by indirect heat exchange with water, in which the smoke is initially quenched with a quench fluid to a temperature substantially below a predetermined temperature of introduction into the heat exchange step and the magnitude of the quenching is reduced over an extended period of time until the smoke is being quenched into a temperature substantially equal to the predetermined temperature.

Abstract: An adsorptive separation process is disclosed for separating para-aromatic isomers from a hydrocarbon feed containing a mixture of aromatic isomers, using a crystalline aluminosilicate adsorbent which has been treated with an alkyl amine preferably an alkyl amine hydrochloride. The alkyl amine treatment substantially increases the selectivity of the adsorbent for the para-xylene isomer, relative to the heavy desorbent p-DEB, thereby improving the efficiency of the separation process.

Abstract: The anti-scaling effect of additives added to control the formation of scale during the washing of calcium sulphate anhydrite or hemihydrate crystals is increased when the additives are added as soon as possible after the wash liquors leave the crystals. The invention is of especial use in the washing of calcium sulphate hemihydrate produced during the production of phosphoric acid and is carried out by adding the additives via the central valve of the rotating pan filter on which the hemihydrate crystals are washed.

Abstract: A dual-textured graphite has been produced having an apparent coarse strongly bonded grained structure (the macrotexture) in which each coarse grain is formed from a number of strongly linked ultrafine grains (the microtexture). The dimensions of the coarse grains are from 0.4 to 6.0 m.m. while those of the ultrafine grains are below 0.050 m.m. The fine grains are linked by graphitized pore-containing carbon having pores of less than 2.mu. diameter. The coarse grains are also linked by graphitized pore-containing carbon having pores of from 5 to 20.mu. diameter. Further characteristics of the graphite are a coefficient of linear expansion of 4-6.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree. C., thermal conductivity of 0.20 cal/cm/.degree. C./sec., electrical resistivity of 1500-2000.mu. ohms/cm and anisotropy factor not exceeding 1.4. A process for producing such product from pitch and petroleum or coal tar coke is described.

Abstract: Polycrystalline ceramic bodies of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 when prepared with a nucleating agent to obtain an intergranular phase which is substantially crystalline, exhibit improved mechanical strength at elevated temperatures over bodies having a glass-containing intergranular phase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a manufacturing process for converting coal ash slag from a slagging coal gasifier into a marketable cement product having the characteristics and qualities of portland cement. This process comprises the steps of transferring molten slag from a slagging coal gasifier to a melt chamber and reacting it with a mineral containing lime, for example: calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate, to form a homogeneous cement product. This cement product is then transferred to a quench chamber where it is allowed to cool and solidify in the form of clinkers, which are later reduced to powder form.This process also provides an efficient means to conserve energy when producing a portland cement and provides an effective and economical way to dispose of a waste product while increasing the cost efficiency of a slagging coal gasifier.

Abstract: An improved calcium carbonate filler in the form of a powder having a particle size distribution range and other identifiable physical characteristics produces unexpected results as a filler in resin molding compounds.

Abstract: A method for dissolving calcined trona containing calcareous impurities, to obtain an aqueous sodium carbonate solution having low calcium content involves contacting calcined trona in countercurrent flow, desirably under specific temperature conditions, with dilute sodium carbonate solution. Sodium carbonate solutions thus obtained have reduced tendency to form calcium deposits in processing equipment.