Abstract: In treating cast iron with magnesium to produce nodular iron, a capsule of heat-resistant material, closed except for calibrated limited access passages, containing the magnesium, is plunged into a bath of molten metal in a tall vertical ladle while the latter is capped by a hood to contain the violent reaction resulting. An elevating mechanism lowers and raises the hood and capsule and plunges and withdraws the capsule while the hood caps the ladle. The mechanism includes a plunging rod carrying the capsule and means for maintaining the rod in a fixed radial position relative to its axis and for restraining it against the force of the reaction.

Abstract: An inoculant for introduction of low temperature boiling metals into molten iron or molten steel, which comprises a combination of an alkaline earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof, and an alkali metal, which metals are intercalated into graphite.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for adding solids to molten metal by continuously feeding both the solids and the metal into a vortex forming chamber from which the mixture is discharged at the core of the vortex as a free-falling, hollow-centered stream.

Abstract: A method of introducing powdered reagents into a molten metal in a stream of carrier gas through a tuyere disposed in a refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel, consisting in that powdered reagents are introduced into a molten metal at a feed rate of 0.04 to 0.6 kg. per sec. under a pressure of carrier gas which is 1.8 to 4.

Abstract: Tin alloy solder powder compositions comprising finely divided particles of the alloy coated with a thin continuous layer of organic flux sufficient to lower the electrical conductivity and to obscure the eutectic domains on the surface of the alloy particles.

Abstract: A method for treating molten steel utilizing an induction coil, a ladle, a treating vessel and at least one passage pipe interconnecting the ladle and the treating vessel which includes the steps of lifting up a part of the molten steel from the ladle to the treating vessel disposed over the ladle through adjustment of molten steel composition and/or degassing in the treating vessel, thereafter returning the molten steel to the ladle through the at least one passage pipe, circulating or reciprocating the molten steel between the ladle and the treating vessel while heating the molten steel by the induction coil disposed around the at least one passage pipe and operating the linear motor at a frequency of 50 to 60 cycles.

Abstract: The disclosure teaches an improvement in the degassing and filtration of molten metal, especially aluminum, using an apparatus which employs a pair of sequentially placed, removable filter-type plates and at least one fluxing gas inlet positioned therebetween. The first of said filter-type plates is characterized by a plurality of holes which provide a preferential path through which the fluxing gas flows upwardly through the first of said filter plates in counter-current contact with the melt. Said plate serves to break up said fluxing gas into a fine dispersion to assure its intimate and extensive contact with the melt. Dissolved gases and non-metallic inclusions are thereby abstracted and removed from the melt.

Abstract: Mobile apparatus for containing molten metal, known as a torpedo car, comprises an elongate vessel rotatably supported at its ends on a pair of bogie assemblies, flange members on the vessel extending around at least part of the opening and one or more lid assemblies arranged to fit over the opening and be removably secured to the flange members, the lid assembly or assemblies, when fitted, closing off less than the entire opening.

Abstract: A converter vessel is coaxially surrounded by a trunnion ring carried by a pair of trunnions for rotary or tilting motion about a horizontal axis. In order to permit rotation of the vessel relative to the trunnion ring about the vessel axis at right angles with the noted horizontal axis, two annular rows of support elements such as rollers are mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with respective annular tires on the vessel so as to bear its radial load. Two other annular rows of rollers or like support elements are also mounted on the trunnion ring and engaged with the respective tires so as to bear the axial vessel load. Several identical drive mechanisms are compactly mounted within the trunnion ring for revolving the vessel through a gear drive, friction drive, or chain drive.

Abstract: A method of and a member for adding a treating agent for molten metal, wherein an additive or treating agent such as a desulfurizing agent or a deoxidizing agent is enclosed in a container made of a self-burnable and self-eruptive material and the container is inserted into the molten metal by dropping it or by making use of a support rod or a plumbing device to produce physical and chemical reactions, which induce agitation and convection in the molten metal, the synergistic effect of such actions causing the treating agent to be effectively added to the molten metal.

Abstract: A lance pipe covered with refractories having a thickness in the range 2-15 mm and a refractoriness higher than 1800.degree. K., comprising winding the outer periphery of a pipe with a refractory fibrous thread, lace, tape or cloth having a diameter of thickness in the range 0.5-15 mm at room temperature and under normal pressure; said thread, lace, tape or cloth being impregnated and adhered with a mixture which consists of 40-90% by weight of a refractory aggregate in which most of the particle size are -10 mesh but which contains the particle size of more than 15% by weight of each of -200 mesh and 28-200 mesh, and a refractory binder as the rest which consists of one or more of silica sol including 5-40% by weight of solid parts, hydrolyzed ethyl silicate and fire clay suspension.

Abstract: An improved method is disclosed for electroslag remelting an electrode of an alloy containing at least one oxide forming ingredient, including melting such electrode in a novel flux composition containing about 1-35% boron oxide, by weight.

Abstract: In treating cast iron with magnesium to produce nodular iron, a capsule of heat-resistant material, closed except for calibrated limited access passages, containing the magnesium, is plunged into a bath of molten metal in a tall vertical ladle while the latter is capped by a hood to contain the violent reaction resulting. An elevating mechanism lowers and raises the hood and capsule and plunges and withdraws the capsule while the hood caps the ladle. The mechanism includes a plunging rod carrying the capsule and means for maintaining the rod in a fixed radial position relative to its axis and for restraining it against the force of the reaction.

Abstract: Molten steel in desiliconized, dephosphorized and decarburized in a three-step sequence. In the first-two steps the melt is agitated. In the first step the temperature is also maintained at between 1480.degree.-1380.degree. C. while oxygen is introduced until the silicon content is reduced to 0.20%. In the second step a flux consisting essentially of CaO and 0.2-0.5 parts by weight of CaCl.sub.2 and/or KCl is introduced while maintaining the basicity of the slag at between 3.5-8.0 and the T.Fe value at between 3-10%. The third step involves blowing oxygen onto this melt without using a refining flux.

Abstract: Crushed shale and metal ores are fed via an oxygen purging duct in batches to a closed extraction chamber having a coreless high frequency electric induction furnace, where the raw materials are deposited on the surface of a molten non-ferrous metal charge in the crucible of the furnace. Natural induction stirring in the molten metal charge thoroughly contacts all grains of the raw material with the molten surface of the metal charge, thereby extracting non-ferrous metals from the raw material into the metal charge and vaporizing organic components such as petroleum into the non-oxidizing atmosphere in the extraction chamber. The residue of raw material is then skimmed from the furnace and discharged from the chamber by way of a chute having an air lock for preventing return of oxygen to the chamber. Organic components from the chamber are carried by a conduit to an associated fractionating tower for immediate refining at least partially by the heat from the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making steel in a basic oxygen furnace installation, in which water is sprayed from a central location within and at the open end of an exhaust hood 12 outwardly toward the inside hood surface to cool the hood and wet the off-gases during a blow. A ring-like spray manifold 22 is supported on an oxygen lance 14 for automatic insertion to the proper location in the hood, for removal with the lance, and for automatic operation concurrently with the supplying of oxygen.

Abstract: An effective amount of silicon carbide, preferably mixed with graphite, is added to the blend of coals used to make a foundry coke, the blend is thoroughly mixed, pulverized, and coked in a by-product coke oven. The resulting coke has improved physical and chemical properties allowing production of gray iron with less fuel. Gray iron castings with improved hardness control at lower cost are produced by the inoculating effect of the silicon from silicon carbide and graphite in the mixture.

Abstract: A slide closure for the pouring nozzle of a molten metal vessel of the type comprising a fixed plate attached to the bottom portion of the vessel and a sliding plate pressed against the lower surface of the fixed plate brick, whereby the sliding plate is rotated to open and close the vessel pouring nozzle, and further comprising a supporting member or rotor adapted to be rotated with the sliding plate brick as a unit by a driving source and supporting means for slidably supporting the rotor and pressing the sliding plate brick against the fixed plate brick with a vessel bed plate serving as a supporting point, characterized in that said supporting means comprises a first supporter for surrounding and slidably supporting the rotor and a second supporter fastened to the vessel bed plate by means of pins with a dish spring interposed between the second supporter and the lower side of the annular projection of the first supporter to enclose the latter whereby the second supporter urges the first supporter upwardl

Abstract: A replaceable liner for a crucible for molten metal consists of an open-top receptacle having at least its side wall made of graphite foil formed earlier by compressing expanded graphite.

Abstract: The basic wear-lining of a steel converter is made of refractory material at least partly composed of burnt magnesite. Maintenance is performed by spraying refractory material onto this lining or by "slagging-in". The effect of this maintenance procedure, in terms of the duration of the lining, are improved if the particles of the magnesite component of the wear-lining contain on average more than 61/4 percent monticellite. Material of this kind has not in the past been found suitable for a wear-lining.