Abstract: Addition agents are blended with a modified tall oil pitch binder and briquetted, extruded, molded, pelletized, or tabletized into a unitary composition. This compacted composition is then fed into a metallurgical operation, such as steel-making, at an appropriate stage in the operation to effect a desirable composition or property. The tall oil pitch binder being modified chemically with either a polycarboxylic acid, a polyamine, a polyisocyanate, an epoxy resin or a polyol.

Abstract: A method of causing a sample of pig iron to solidify to a white structure by adding misch metal to the sampling cavity.

Abstract: In arc furnace steelmaking, oxygen gas is blown in the molten steel at melting period and/or oxidizing period so as to decrease the carbon content therein to 0.20% or less, preferably 0.15% or less, and subsequently, carbonaceous material is blown in the furnace by utilizing flow of a carrier gas.A higher melting yield and a smaller amount of slag production are achieved with an improved productivity and lower energy consumption.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of pre-melted, basic welding powder for the submerged arc welding process which consists of preparing two components, one component containing substantially oxidic compounds and maximally 5% by weight of fluoridic compounds, and the other component containing substantially fluoridic compounds and maximally 5% by weight of oxidic compounds, with the total of oxidic and fluoridic compounds corresponding to the desired analytical composition of the powder. Each of the two compounds are melted separately and, the premelted components are cooled. The cooled product is then ground to the desired grain size and thereafter mixed. The welding powders according to the invention are distinguished by a particularly low moisture content.

Abstract: Addition of vanadium to molten iron-base alloys using an agglomerated mixture of V.sub.2 O.sub.5 and calcium-bearing reducing agent.

Abstract: A plasma reactor, in which particulate matter is caused to interact with low temperature plasma (i.e. below 100,000 K.) comprises spaced stationary electrode structures 2, 11 of which at least one is annular, between which an arc or arcs 7 is established by a power supply which may include a thyristor (SCR) 9. The arc is pulsated and caused to orbit or circulate round the or each annular electrode structure to form a conical plasma zone between the electrodes, while particulate solids are introduced through inlets 5 to enter the plasma zone and interact with the plasma therein. Extended dwell periods and highly effective interaction are brought about by circulation and pulsation of the arc and a high particle population density.

Abstract: A refractory porous nozzle which is arranged at the bottom of a molten metal vessel, characterized in that said porous nozzle is made in one body having a flange portion at its upper portion and a cylindrical portion at its lower portion, the outer peripheral surface of the main body of said porous nozzle is gas-tightly enclosed with a steel shell, a gas pool is provided between the bottom surface of said flange portion and the outer peripheral surface of said cylindrical portion, and the inner peripheral surface of said steel shell, and the gas pool is communicated with an inert gas feeding pipe.

Abstract: A solder flux composition comprises a mixture of sarcosine and tartronic or tartaric acid dissolved in water and an aliphatic alcohol. Typically the acid-sarcosine weight ratio lies within the range 90:10 to 30:70 and the solution may contain between 5 and 20 weight percent of solids. The flux is employed for tin/lead soldering of a range of metals and alloys including copper, nickel and nickel-iron. Bidegradation of the flux is inhibited by the inclusion of lead carbonate, phenol or salicylic acid in the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of basic slags for the electroslag remelting process, with the oxidic components corresponding to the desired composition, which may have a fluoridic content of not more than 5% by weight, and the fluoridic components corresponding to the desired composition, which may have an oxidic content of not more than 5% by weight, being melted separately. The slags manufactured according to the invention have a particularly low moisture content.

Abstract: A process for refining steel by top blowing with below melt tuyere injection in which at the commencement of the refining cycle the refining gas lance is located at a pre-determined height above the melt, and the gas flow rate to the below melt tuyere or tuyeres is set at a predetermined level, comprising the steps of reducing the height of the lance and the gas flow rate to the tuyeres in one or more stages during the course of the refining cycle and increasing the height of the lance and the gas flow rate to the tuyeres towards the end of the refining cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to agents for the desulfurization of metal melts, especially of steel and crude iron melts, based on mixtures of CaC.sub.2 /CaO crystals produced in the fused mass. A portion of the CaO in the crystal mixture is hydrated to form Ca(OH).sub.2. A process for the manufacture of these agents is also described.

Abstract: An exothermic reactor has a refractory lining and a plurality of annular nozzles mounted in said lining. Each nozzle has an inner reactant gas passage and an annular shielding fluid passage surrounding said reactant gas passage. A reactant gas is supplied from a reactant gas manifold through reactant gas feed conduits to respective ones of said reactant gas passages. A shielding fluid is supplied from a shielding fluid manifold through shielding fluid feed conduits to respective ones of said shielding fluid passages. The pressure in said reactant gas manifold is sensed and the flow in each of said shielding fluid feed conduits is controlled in dependence on the conditions in said reactant gas manifold so as to prevent a pressure rise in each of said shielding fluid feed conduits above an upper limit. As long as said pressure is below said upper limit, a predetermined ratio is maintained between the flow rate in each of said shielding fluid feed conduits and the flow rate in said reactant fluid manifold.

Abstract: Refining of molten pig iron and steel in a converter by oxygen blowing continuously at least four charges in a converter to a carbon content in a range from 0.09 to 0.15% and further subjecting the molten steel to a secondary refining by addition or removal of carbon.

Abstract: A method of heating solid, iron-containing materials in a steel-making converter which includes one or more injection nozzles in a lower nozzle plane and one or more injection nozzles in an upper nozzle plane, the nozzles in each plane being capable of supplying carbonaceous fuels and/or oxygen gas into the converter; the method including supplying fluid carbonaceous fuels (oil and/or gas) and oxygen gas through all the injection nozzles to the interior of the converter so that the fuels will burn and preheat the solid, iron-containing materials, these materials eventually forming a melt at the bottom of the converter; stopping the supply of fluid carbonaceous fuels and instead supplying pulverized carbonaceous fuels through the injection nozzles in the lower nozzle plane once the formed melt has a sufficient depth that it contacts the injection nozzles in the lower nozzle plane, stopping the supply of fluid carbonaceous fuels through the injection nozzles in the upper nozzle zone and the supply of pulverized

Abstract: A method of dephosphorizing molten pig iron, wherein molten pig iron is charged into a refining vessel provided at its bottom with tuyeres for blowing gas and, if necessary, at its top with a gas injecting member, and a powdery refining agent together with the blowing gas is blown into molten pig iron through the tuyeres, while a flux for the refining agent is charged into the refining vessel to perform desiliconization and subsequent dephosphorization of molten pig iron, is disclosed. This method comprises(a) charging a coolant together with molten pig iron into the refining vessel to control a temperature of molten pig iron during the blowing to a range of 1,250.degree.-1,450.degree. C.;(b) blowing the powdery refining agent into molten pig iron so as to adjust a value of slag basicity after the treatment to not less than 2.5; and(c) blowing the blowing gas at a rate of not less than 0.5 Nm.sup.3 /min.t so that a net oxygen quantity is 8-15 Nm.sup.3 per ton of molten pig iron.

Abstract: Oxygen is introduced onto the surface of a molten ferrous metal through at least one water-cooled lance disposed above the melt surface while an oxygen free gas in which is entrained ground solids is intermittently introduced into the molten ferrous metal through tuyeres disposed below the melt surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of controlling the nozzle damper (slide valve) of a vessel for the metallurgical casting, in response of the variation of the molten metal level of the volume of molten metal tapped from said vessel the nozzle opening is stepwise controlled in response to, the value of the vertical level of the molten metal above said nozzle damper at the respective tapping time or after the respective tapping period with the molten metal volume calculated from the time integral of the respective previous actual damper opening areas.

Abstract: A device for supplying gas to a revolving cylindrical furnace. Over the length of the rotary axis of the revolving furnace, gas-permeable bricks are used in the region of the fireproof lining of the revolving furnace mantle. The bricks are made of porous, ceramic material, and terminate flush with the surface of the fireproof lining of the revolving furnace. The bricks may have a sheet metal mantle surrounding the same. The gas-permeable bricks have bottom sheet metal plates into which respectively a gas supply connection is welded. Measuring, regulating and control devices may be installed in and on the gas supply connections.

Abstract: Method of desulphurizing a ferrous melt comprises injecting into the melt lime-containing particles having smooth surfaces, a low tendency to absorb moisture and blocked pores formed by solidification of molten inorganic matter in the pores of the lime. Method of making a desulphurization agent for the desulphurizing method comprises calcining limestone with, for example, sodium carbonate, calcium fluoride or siliceous matter. Desulphurization agents per se are also described.

Abstract: A method of smelting lead comprises the steps of containing a quantity of crude lead in an electric arc furnace, disposing a layer of coke or carbon granules over said lead, disposing at least two spaced apart electrodes in contact with said granules, energizing said electrodes for passing an electric current through said granules for heating said lead to at least its fusion temperature, and withdrawing the molten lead from beneath the granules.