Abstract: This invention relates to improved catalysts for gaseous phase fluorination of aliphatic chlorinated and chlorofluorinated hydrocarbons by hydrofluoric acid. The catalysts are characterized by an active carbon support having a total specific surface area greater than about 1000 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 2000 m.sup.2 /g, a surface area of pores of 40 to 50 .ANG. in radius above about 5 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 15 m.sup.2 /g, a surface area of pores greater than or equal to 250 .ANG. in radius above about 2 m.sup.2 /g but less than about 6 m.sup.2 /g, which has been impregnated with an aqueous chromium trioxide solution and dried. This invention also relates to gaseous phase fluorination processes for chlorinated or chlorofluorinated derivatives utilizing these catalysts in fluidized bed reactors.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating an agglomerated iridium-containing catalyst and particularly platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalysts. The process includes a reducing step involving contacting a decoked agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas such as hydrogen to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides to the free metal, a hydrogen halide pretreatment step to provide a halide level to the catalyst of about 1.3 weight percent, and an elemental halogen redispersion step. The hydrogen halide pretreatment step is performed under elemental oxygen-free conditions prior to redispersion and allows high iridium redispersion values to be obtained. If no iridium oxides are initially present, the hydrogen step is optional.

Abstract: A method for the recovery of rhodium-triarylphosphine complexes used in the hydroformylation of olefins is described, which comprises contacting an extracted catalyst liquid containing therein a rhodium-triarylphosphine complex with hydrogen in the presence of an alcohol containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms and water to precipitate a hydrogen-coordinated rhodium-triarylphosphine complex, and recovering the precipitated hydrogen atom-coordinated rhodium-triarylphosphine complex from the liquid.

Abstract: An improved moving bed continuous catalytic cracking process for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as gas oil, in the absence of added hydrogen, which includes the use of a minute amount of dispersed platinum supported directly on a cracking catalyst. The trace of platinum induces a substantial increase in the heat efficiency with which coke on catalyst is converted to CO.sub.2 in the regenerator section with minimal or no detriment to the cracking reaction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating a coked and agglomerated iridium-containing catalyst and particularly platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalysts. The process includes a low temperature decoking step to achieve partial decoking while minimizing agglomeration, a reducing step involving contacting the decoked agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas such as hydrogen to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides to the free metal, a halide pretreatment step to increase the chloride level of the catalyst to about 1.3 weight percent and above, and a halogen redispersion step. The redispersion step is performed with a mixture of elemental halogen and water vapor.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reactivating agglomerated iridium-containing catalysts, in series, and particularly platinum-iridium on alumina reforming catalysts. The process includes a reducing step, involving contacting a decoked agglomerated catalyst with a reducing gas, such as hydrogen, to reduce agglomerated iridium oxides to the free metal, a halide pretreatment step to increase the halide level of the catalyst to about 1.3 weight percent and above, a halogen/water vapor redispersion step at elevated temperature and a contacting of a second catalyst, in series, with the halogen/water vapor effluent at elevated temperature to partially burn-off the carbon deposits on the catalyst surface. Utilizing the effluent halogen stream, rather than subjecting to a scrubbing operation represents a savings in process costs, minimizes pollution problems and provides additional halogen protection to subsequent catalyst reactors in the process scheme.

Abstract: A solid catalyst material is evaporated from a coating on a transparent solid substrate and is condensed onto a solid polymeric organic catalyst carrier or into a liquid, by passing a laser beam through said solid transparent substrate and onto the back of said coating and contacting said catalyst carrier or liquid with the evaporated catalyst material. Suitably, the laser source is a ruby or a rhodamine dye laser; a suitable catalyst material is rhodium metal; and a suitable solid polymeric organic catalyst carrier is polystyrene crosslinked by divinyl benzene and a suitable liquid is aqueous polyvinyl alcohol. The process minimizes the exposure to heat of the catalyst carrier or suspending liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for maintaining the activity of PMA based catalysts during reactor shutdown by flushing the reactor with an oxide of nitrogen gas at a temperature of from about 150.degree. C. to about 370.degree. C. The method can be employed in the reactor by terminating the feed of hydrocarbon to the reactor and then flushing the reactor. The method can be employed to treat PMA based catalysts having the general formula Mo.sub.x P.sub.y A.sub.a B.sub.b C.sub.c D.sub.d E.sub.e O.sub.z wherein A is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, cesium, potassium, rubidium and thallium; B is selected from the group consisting of copper and vanadium; C is selected from the group consisting of antimony, arsenic, bismuth and tellurium; D is palladium; E is aluminum, barium, calcium, cerium, chromium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel tantalum, titanium, tungsten, zinc, zirconium, chlorine and/or bromine; x can be 3 to 15, y can be 1 to 1.5; a can be 0.1 to 3; b can be 0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method and sequence of processing steps within an apparatus arrangement comprising two separate fluidized relatively dense catalyst beds undergoing regeneration to remove carbonaceous deposits wherein catalyst particles are circulated between catalyst beds to transfer heat from one bed to another and transfer partially regenerated catalyst from one bed to a second heat generating catalyst bed, said catalyst regeneration system arranged to maintain a desired heat balanced temperature restriction less than 787.degree. C. (1450.degree. F.) and the generation of a CO.sub.2 rich flue gas with utilization thereof to achieve reaction with carbon form carbon monoxide under endothermic reaction temperature conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the reactivation of phosphomolybdic acid based catalysts used for the conversion of saturated and unsaturated aldehydes to acids. The method comprises the step of feeding an oxide of nitrogen over the deactivated catalyst at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. The method can be employed in the reactor by terminating the feed of reactant to the reactor, adjusting the reactor temperature as may be necessary to one suitable for reactivation and sweeping the reactor with a gas. Alternatively, the catalyst can be removed from the reactor for reactivation. Reactivated phosphomolybdic acid based catalysts are also disclosed. These catalysts have a ratio of molybdenum to phosphorus of 3:1 to 15:1 and are prepared by the process of feeding an oxide of nitrogen over the catalyst at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Spent filter clay used in the removal of contaminating organic polar-type compounds from petroleum distillates is regenerated by flushing the spent filter clay with liquid methanol and recovering and recycling the contaminated wash methanol without distillation through the filter for additional flushing of the contaminants from the clay.

Abstract: Poisoned catalyst is regenerated by first subjecting it to an oxidative burn-off and then soaking it in a base, preferably NaOH. The dried product is comparable in Claus activity to fresh catalyst.

Abstract: Catalysts containing niobium or tantalum halides which have been deactivated by contact with oxygen are regenerated by being contacted with a halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Disclosed is the preparation of electrodes provided by depositing hydrophilic electrolyte resistant resin atop an electrocatalyst on a metallic substrate and treating the resin to cause it to flow whereby to obtain a firmly bonded assembly of resin, electrocatalyst and metallic substrate.

Abstract: Finely divided, hydrogen-activated catalyst compositions comprising iron, silicon and carbon or iron and silicon that selectively convert gaseous mixtures of CO and H.sub.2, at a temperature of about 150.degree.-450.degree. C. and at pressures of about 10-2000 kPa, into reaction mixture containing at least about 75% C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkenes and no more than about 25% of CH.sub.4 and undesirable CO.sub.2 by-products are disclosed. A wide range of iron/silicon-based catalyst compositions are conveniently prepared by laser pyrolysis and hydrogen-pretreatment and readily reactivated with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A process is described for the redispersion of iridium-containing catalysts involving a low temperature hydrogen reduction step, i.e., from 190.degree. C. up to about 250.degree. C. after a coke burn-off. The low temperature reduction step allows milder conditions during subsequent halogen redispersion.

Abstract: Ruthenium-on-charcoal and ruthenium-on-carbon black catalysts, containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of iron, for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated alcohols by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the liquid phase are prepared by modifying the catalyst with iron only after it has been impregnated with the ruthenium compound, and reducing the catalyst with hydrogen at from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., with thorough mixing.The catalysts according to the invention are particularly useful for improving the industrially difficult hydrogenation of citral to give the sought-after fragrances geraniol and nerol.

Abstract: A process for the recovery and reuse of heavy metal oxidation catalyst from residues in the Witten DMT process by extraction, which involves mixing and settling of the residue with water or dilute aqueous solutions of water-soluble, low-molecular, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids at 70.degree.-160.degree. C. and recycling of the extract of the high-boiling distillation residues into the DMT process. The high-boiling distillation residue and the extractant are used in a quantitative ratio of 1:0.9 to 1:0.1, preferably 1:0.5 to 1:0.3.

Abstract: A process for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to lighter products. The carbo-metallic oils contain 650.degree. F. and material which is characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and a Nickel Equivalents of heavy metals content of at least about 4 parts per million. This process comprises flowing the carbo-metallic oil together with particulate cracking catalyst through a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated reaction chamber, which is at least in part vertical or inclined, for a predetermined vapor riser residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, at a temperature of about 900.degree. to about 1400.degree. F., and under a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute sufficient for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50% to 90% while producing coke in amounts in the range of about 6 to about 14% by weight based on fresh feed, and laying down coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.

Abstract: An improved process which makes possible the expeditious formation of activated carbon fibers having high absorptivity characteristics is provided. A polybenzimidazole fibrous material is contacted with a solution of an acid (e.g. sulfuric acid) so as to form a polybenzimidazonium salt (as described), and the resulting fibrous material is preoxidized, carbonized, and activated under the conditions defined which have been found to reliably and expeditiously yield the desired product. The resulting activated carbon fiber product exhibits a dynamic weight absorptivity of at least 100 mg. of CCl.sub.4 per gram, and particularly is suited for the formation of protective garments having highly satisfactory sorptive characteristics.