Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, a reflective layer, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state under an applied voltage, the first and second polymer film substrates have an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.

Abstract: A display device including a plurality of sub-pixel arrays is provided. Each of sub-pixel arrays includes a plurality of first sub-pixels, at least one second sub-pixel and at least one third sub-pixel. The first sub-pixels have a first color and form a plurality of vertexes of a virtual quadrilateral. There is not any other first sub-pixels having the first color located in the virtual quadrilateral. The second sub-pixel has a second color different from the first color and is located in the virtual quadrilateral. The third sub-pixel has a third color different from the first color and the second color and is located in the virtual quadrilateral.

Abstract: A privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator and a compensated switchable liquid crystal retarder arranged between first and second polarisers arranged in series with the spatial light modulator. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance. The visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers is reduced by means of luminance reduction over a wide polar field. In a wide angle mode of operation, the switchable liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is substantially unmodified.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate, and a third substrate disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the third substrate has a first surface closer to the first substrate and a second surface closer to the second substrate. A first alignment layer having a first alignment direction is disposed on a surface of the first substrate. A second alignment layer is disposed on a surface of the second substrate. A third alignment layer having a third alignment direction is disposed on a first surface of the third substrate, and a fourth alignment layer is disposed on the second surface of the third substrate. The third alignment direction is perpendicular to the first alignment direction.

Abstract: A privacy display comprises a spatial light modulator and a compensated switchable liquid crystal retarder arranged between first and second polarisers arranged in series with the spatial light modulator. In a privacy mode of operation, on-axis light from the spatial light modulator is directed without loss, whereas off-axis light has reduced luminance. The visibility of the display to off-axis snoopers is reduced by means of luminance reduction over a wide polar field. In a wide angle mode of operation, the switchable liquid crystal retardance is adjusted so that off-axis luminance is substantially unmodified.

Abstract: A display device includes: an array substrate including a plurality of first light-transmitting electrodes each disposed in a corresponding one of pixels; a counter substrate including positions overlapping the first light-transmitting electrodes and provided with a second light-transmitting electrode; a liquid crystal layer including polymer-dispersed liquid crystals filled between the array substrate and the counter substrate; and at least one light source configured to emit light toward a side surface of the counter substrate. The array substrate includes, in each of the pixels, a third light-transmitting electrode that at least partially overlaps the first light-transmitting electrode in the plan view with an insulating layer interposed therebetween. An area of the third light-transmitting electrode in the pixel in a display region closer to the light source is larger than an area of the third light-transmitting electrode in the pixel in a display region farther from the light source.

Abstract: An array substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device are provided. The array substrate includes: a base substrate; a plurality of gate lines on a side of the base substrate; a plurality of data lines on a side of the plurality of gate lines away from the base substrate and intersecting with the plurality of gate lines; and a plurality of light shielding metal portions between the base substrate and each of the plurality of gate lines; respective one of the gate lines includes a plurality of gate line sub-segments separated by the plurality of data lines, respectively, every two adjacent gate line sub-segments in the respective one of the gate lines correspond to one of the light shielding metal portions, and the every two adjacent gate line sub-segments are connected in series through the one of the light shielding metal portions.

Abstract: A lasing device includes an active layer comprising a cholesteric liquid crystal material and a laser dye, and a liquid crystal cell including spaced apart substrates defining a cell gap in which the active layer is disposed. The substrates include electrodes arranged to bias the active layer into an oblique helicoidal (ChOH) state. At least one substrate of the liquid crystal cell is optically transparent for a lasing wavelength range of the device.

Abstract: Discussed is a method of manufacturing a LCD device, the method including: forming a gate in each of a plurality of pixel areas on a substrate; forming a gate insulator to cover the gate; forming a semiconductor layer on the gate insulator, and forming a photoresist (PR) on the semiconductor layer; doping high-concentration impurities at the semiconductor layer by using the photoresist (PR) as a mask to form an active layer, a source, and a drain; and doping low-concentration impurities at the semiconductor layer by using the photoresist (PR) as the mask to form a lightly doped drain (LDD) between the active layer and the source and between the active layer and the drain.

Abstract: There is provided a holographic projector comprising a reflective liquid crystal display device. The reflective liquid crystal display device comprises a light-modulating layer between a first substrate and a second substrate substantially parallel to the first substrate. The light-modulating layer comprises planar-aligned nematic liquid crystals having positive dielectric anisotropy. The first substrate is substantially transparent and comprises a first alignment layer arranged to impart a first pre-tilt angle ?? on liquid crystals proximate the first substrate, wherein ?1>5°. The second substrate is substantially reflective and comprises a second alignment layer arranged to impart a second pre-tilt angle ?2 on liquid crystals proximate the second substrate, wherein ?2>5°. The reflective liquid crystal display device further comprises a plurality of pixels defined on the light-modulating layer having a pixel repeat distance x, wherein x?10 ?m.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first display panel; a first flexible substrate on which a first driver IC outputting a driving signal to the first display panel is mounted; a second flexible substrate being apart from the first flexible substrate, at least a part of the second flexible substrate overlapping the first flexible substrate; and an insulating material disposed between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate. The first flexible substrate is connected to the first display panel so that the first driver IC is on a side of the second flexible substrate. The insulating material is disposed between the first driver IC and the second flexible substrate.

Abstract: A display panel, a driving method thereof, and a display device are provided. The display panel includes: a filter layer including a light shielding region and a light transmitting region in each sub-pixel region, the light transmitting region in each of the sub-pixel regions surrounding the light shielding region; a light extracting layer including a light extracting element in each of the sub-pixel regions, the light extracting element being configured to provide light rays propagating toward the light shielding region of the sub-pixel region where the light extracting element is; and a light transmitting layer configured to provide sub-pixel regions at a bright state gratings distributed in a first plane and a second plane, so that the light rays provided by the light extracting element are diverged in the first plane and the second plane.

Abstract: To improve viewing angle characteristics by varying voltage which is applied between liquid crystal elements. A liquid crystal display device in which one pixel is provided with three or more liquid crystal elements and the level of voltage which is applied is varied between the liquid crystal elements is varied. In order to vary the level of the voltage which is applied between the liquid crystal elements, an element which divides the applied voltage is provided. In order to vary the level of the applied voltage, a capacitor, a resistor, a transistor, or the like is used. Viewing angle characteristics can be improved by varying the level of the voltage which is applied between the liquid crystal elements.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to form a pixel electrode and a metal film using one resist mask in manufacturing a stacked structure by forming the metal film over the pixel electrode. A conductive film to be a pixel electrode and a metal film are stacked. A resist pattern having a thick region and a region thinner than the thick region is formed over the metal film using an exposure mask having a semi light-transmitting portion. The pixel electrode, and the metal film formed over part of the pixel electrode to be in contact therewith are formed using the resist pattern. Accordingly, a pixel electrode and a metal film can be formed using one resist mask.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided and includes first substrate; data and gate lines on first substrate; thin film transistor connected to data and gate lines; common electrode arranged over data and gate lines; insulating layer on common electrode; pixel electrode on insulating layer including connection pixel electrode, wide projection pixel electrode connected to connection pixel electrode, and projection pixel electrodes connected to connection pixel electrode; second substrate facing first substrate; black matrix on second substrate including first and second black matrix; and liquid crystal layer sandwiches between first and second substrates, wherein first black matrix overlaps wide projection pixel electrode, and second black matrix overlaps connection pixel electrode, and length of the connection pixel electrode is longer than length of the wide projection pixel electrode and length of projection pixel electrodes.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present inventive concept includes: a first substrate including a first electrode; a second substrate including a second electrode and a light blocking layer; and a short-circuit spacer that is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the second electrode is disposed between the second substrate and the light blocking layer, the light blocking layer includes an opening, and the second electrode and the short-circuit spacer contact each other in the opening.

Abstract: A display device comprising: a first pixel row including a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode arranged in a first direction; a second pixel row including a third pixel electrode and a fourth pixel electrode arranged in the first direction; a third pixel row including a fifth pixel electrode and a sixth pixel electrode arranged in the first direction; a first source line and a second source line extending in the second direction between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode; a first gate line extending in the first direction between the first pixel row and the second pixel row; a second gate line extending in the first direction between the second pixel row and the third pixel row; and a gate lead line extending in the second direction and connected to the first gate line and the second gate line.

Abstract: In one aspect, an optical device comprises a plurality of waveguides formed over one another and having formed thereon respective diffraction gratings, wherein the respective diffraction gratings are configured to diffract visible light incident thereon into respective waveguides, such that visible light diffracted into the respective waveguides propagates therewithin. The respective diffraction gratings are configured to diffract the visible light into the respective waveguides within respective field of views (FOVs) with respect to layer normal directions of the respective waveguides. The respective FOVs are such that the plurality of waveguides are configured to diffract the visible light within a combined FOV that is continuous and greater than each of the respective FOVs.

Abstract: A highly reliable semiconductor device is provided. A second insulating layer is positioned over a first insulating layer. A semiconductor layer is positioned between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. A third insulating layer is positioned over the second insulating layer. A fourth insulating layer is positioned over the third insulating layer. A first conductive layer includes a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer, and is positioned between the third insulating layer and the fourth insulating layer. The third insulating layer includes a region in contact with a bottom surface of the first conductive layer and a region in contact with the fourth insulating layer. The fourth insulating layer is in contact with atop surface and a side surface of the first conductive layer. A fifth insulating layer is in contact with a top surface and a side surface of the semiconductor layer.