Abstract: A method for effective delivery of vitamin B12 to a human being involves positioning a delivery device containing a mixture comprising a form of vitamin B12 and water such that, when activated, the delivery device places at least a portion of the mixture inside of a user's mouth in a form suitable for inhalation, and activating the delivery device while or before the user inhales. The form of vitamin B12 may be cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, and/or adenosylcobalamin. The delivery device may be an aerosolizer, atomizer, vaporizer, or humidifier. The mixture may also include flavorings. Water may be 20% or less of the mixture by volume. The mixture may contain no nicotine, propylene glycol, or diacetyl. A method for vitamin B12 supplementation includes determining that a person has a disorder causing the person to have a reduced ability to process B-vitamins and administering methylcobalamin by inhalation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides therapeutic compounds, compositions (e.g., therapeutic agents or medicaments) and methods for preventing or treating mitochondrial disease such as Friedreich's ataxia in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors, signs and/or symptoms associated with mitochondrial disease, such as Friedreich's ataxia, and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of mitochondrial disease such as Friedreich's ataxia. The disclosure further provides novel intermediates for the production of said therapeutic compositions. In some instances, the intermediates may themselves by therapeutic agents or prodrugs of therapeutic agents (e.g. reduced forms of the therapeutic compounds).

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods to treat diabetic neuropathies. In particular the invention has discovered that, in combination with a folic compound, particular combinations of two types of additional antioxidants have complementary effects for use against diabetic neuropathies. These include antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms and antioxidants with an extended conjugated segment, where at least one of the antioxidants that comprises a stabilizing heteroatom also has pro-oxidant effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a silanol compound capable of efficiently producing a silanol compound. The method for producing a silanol compound includes a proton exchange step of forming a silanol compound having a structure represented by following formula (c) by reacting a silicate having a structure represented by following formula (a) with an acidic compound having an acid dissociation constant pKa of ?1 to 20 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). (In formula (a), Qi+ represents an i-valent cation and i represents an integer of 1 to 4).

Abstract: A method for treating pancreatic cancer in a subject in need thereof comprising, administering to the subject an effective amount of a tubulin polymerization inhibitor compound is described herein. More particularly, a method for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in a subject in need thereof comprising, administering to the subject an effective amount of a substituted reverse pyrimidine tubulin polymerization inhibitor compound alone or in combination with other chemo-therapeutic agents is described herein.

Abstract: Platinum-acridines and analogs thereof as cytotoxic agents for cancer treatment. Also provided methods of using hMATE1 (SLC47A1) as a biomarker to identify tumors that are likely to respond to the agents, and epigenetically sensitizing tumor tissue to anticancer drugs targeting this membrane transporter.

Abstract: Organosilicon quaternary ammonium compounds, their formulations, including powdered and solid formulations, and methods of use to treat infections in humans and animals.

Abstract: There is provided inter alia a process for drying an isolated polysaccharide comprising the step of spray drying a liquid composition comprising the isolated polysaccharide.

Abstract: A method of producing sialyloligosaccharides a sialyloligosaccharides-containing source that also contains carbohydrates and minerals. The process includes subjecting the source to a temperature of from about 67° C. and (i) filtration with a heat-resistant filter at a temperature of about 35 to about 95° C. to produce a first retentate and first permeate, or (ii) centrifugal separation to produce a light phase and a heavy phase and filtration of the light phase at a temperature of about 50 to about 70° C. to produce a first retentate and first permeate, (b) nanofiltration of the first permeate, or nanofiltration and diafiltration of the first permeate, to produce a second retentate and second permeate, and (c) concentration of the second retentate, to produce a sialyloligosaccharide-containing extract.

Abstract: Described herein are CD73 inhibitors and pharmaceutical compositions comprising said compounds. The subject compounds and compositions are useful for the treatment of cancer, infections, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof: X-A-Y-L-R??(I) which inhibit the protein(s) encoded by hepatitis B virus (HBV) or interfere with the function of the HBV life cycle of the hepatitis B virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HBV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HBV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: Injectable compositions and methods of treating skin can help improve hydration, elasticity and/or texture of the skin. The compositions can be based on crosslinked hyaluronic acid matrices made with low molecular weight hyaluronic acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a micelle comprising a benzimidazole-carbohydrate conjugate compound represented by the following chemical formula 1, a preparation method thereof, and use thereof as an anticancer agent or an antiviral agent comprising the same: in the above formula, R1, R2, R3 and X are the same as those defined in the disclosure and claims.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising one or more deoxyribonucleosides for use in the treatment of a mitochondrial DNA depletion and/or multiple deletions syndrome provided that the syndrome is not caused by a defect in the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) metabolism. With the use of the invention there is a recovery in mitochondrial DNA levels independently from the severity of the patient's disease, which confers a great therapeutic value to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a synthetic composition comprising human milk oligosaccharides for use in at least partially restoring the commensal gastrointestinal microbiota and preventing or mitigating antibiotic associated diarrhoea.

Abstract: Described herein is a method for treating an autoimmune disease in a patient including administering to the patient in need thereof, a pharmaceutically effective amount of an epigenetic enzyme inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel calicheamicin derivatives useful as payloads in antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC's), and to payload-linker compounds and ADC compounds comprising the same; to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and to methods for using the same to treat pathological conditions such as cancer.

Abstract: Provided is a curcumin pharmaceutical preparation that is highly water soluble, can maintain the concentration of free curcumin in the blood sufficiently high by being administered parenterally, can effectively obtain a pharmacological action of curcumin, and is highly safe. A pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration, including a water-soluble substance conjugate of curcumin as an active component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to certain cortexolone derivatives of formula (I) and the use of the same as antitumor active ingredients for the curative or adjuvant, or neoadjuvant or palliative treatment of precancerous lesions, dysplasias, metaplasias and tumor diseases, including malignant neoplasias and metastasis. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising cortexolone derivatives of formula (I) as active ingredients and at least one physiologically acceptable excipient, and to the use of the pharmaceutical compositions as antitumor medicinal products.

Abstract: Trans-activating transcription (TAT) factor peptide oligomers coupled with functional agents can selectively complex to the anionic surface of cancerous cells. The TAT conjugates can be delivered to the locus of the tumors using intra-arterial injection during transient blood flow arrest.