Abstract: The present invention relates to toilet bar compositions comprising aldobionamides and an amount of polyalkylene glycol sufficient to structure the bar. Unexpectedly it has been found that this polyalkylene glycol structures the bar without simultaneously inhibiting lather formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fatty acid esters of alkoxylated isethionic acid and compositions comprising these compounds. Using the alkoxylated isethionates, stable, concentrated (greater 10% total active) solutions can be prepared (when isethionate is primary surfactant) which would not have been possible to prepare using nonalkoxylated isethionate.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to liquid soap which includes a glow-in-the-dark feature. The soap has a basic soap composition and includes an effective amount of active glow-in-the-dark material contained within the soap and is dispersed therethrough. The glow-in-the-dark material, dispersed directly into the soap, may be chemiluminescent, phosphorus or other known active glow-in-the-dark material. By "active" is meant that it glows in the dark before being dispensed and is not latent material which requires an initiator such as air, water, or other stimulant to be activated. In another embodiment, the liquid soap itself does not contain the glow-in-the-dark material, but contains a glow-in-the-dark object, such as a toy or ornament object.

Abstract: A counterflow single-screw extractor includes a screw conveyor having a helical scroll formed from arcuate flight sections each having a plurality of elongated slots extending away from the direction of screw rotation and permitting the flow of effluent through the product and the flights in a manner controlled by the size, number, and orientation of the slots. The slots permit efficient extraction using relatively little extraction medium and at the same time permit a single-screw extractor to be used without having to periodically reverse the direction of screw rotation to unclog the slots and by the pitch of the screw conveyor. The inventive arrangement permits the use of a multi-section extractor employing different extraction media and/or different extraction media wash rates in different sections of the extractor.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a lubricating base oil including contacting a hydrocarbon feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen, which catalyst includes a hydrogenation component supported on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier having a macroporosity in the range of from 5% vol to 50% vol. The hydrocarbon feed is most preferably a slack wax or a synthetic wax. The preferred catalyst for use in the process includes a combination of one or more of the metals cobalt, iron, and nickel, and one or more of the metals chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten on an amorphous silica-alumina carrier having a macroporosity in the range of from 5% vol to 50% vol.

Abstract: Heavy oil is hydrotreated by processing with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst composition comprising an activated carbon component having a specified range of pore volume distribution and average pore diameter, a molybdenum or tungsten component and a cobalt or nickel component to reduce the content of nickel and vanadium therein and to achieve demetallation and conversion of the carbon residue for producing a lighter oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the exploitation of oil shales wherein the two main constituents thereof, organic and inorganic moieties, are transformed into valuable products. It was found that oil shales which possess a high amount of inorganic constituents, as well as the mineral part resulted from the combustion of oil shales, have a catalytic effect on the cracking of a heavy fraction of fuel, producing valuable fractions of hydrocarbon fuel. According to the process, a mixture of oil shales which possess a low portion of organic moiety, is cracked at a temperature in the range of 350.degree. to 600.degree. C. with a fraction of heavy fuel having a boiling point of above 350.degree. C. From the gases going out from the cracking reactor, hydrocarbon fuel having a boiling point of up to 350.degree. C. is recovered. The residue resulted in said cracking is useful as a raw material in the chemical industry.

Abstract: A "leaking" cyclone and process for fluidized catalytic cracking of heavy oils is disclosed. Gas and entrained solids are added tangentially to swirl around a vapor outlet tube in a cylindrical tube cyclone body. A concentrated stream of solids and some gas is withdrawn from the device through openings in the cylindrical sidewall remote from the inlet. Tangential withdrawal via an offset slit in the sidewall, or withdrawal through holes in the sidewall, replaces or reduces conventional underflow of solids from an end of the cyclone body. Fine (0-5 micron) particles removal is enhanced by withdrawing solids as soon as solids reach the cylindrical sidewall. The device may be used as a third stage separator on an FCC regenerator.

Abstract: Thermal treatment of heavy petroleum resid in the presence of moderate amounts of light aromatics or paraffins produces more liquid product at the expense of gas and coke than when treated alone under identical conditions.

Abstract: Two stage hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, conditions during the first stage being such as to hydrolyze or depolymerize the hemicellulosic component without substantial degradation of resulting monosaccharides, conditions during the second stage being such as to hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose without substantial degradation of the glucose. The solids left after first stage hydrolysis are disintegrated mechanically thereby greatly facilitating second stage hydrolysis. Hydrolysis in both stages is preferably accomplished by the use of nitric acid. The pH retention time and temperature in both stages are selected to maximize production of the desired monosaccharide or monosaccharides.

Abstract: A sugar centrifugal operates at decreased speed to reduce crystal damage but suffers no loss of sugar crystal/molasses separation rate. This is accomplished by superposing a partial vacuum on the molasses chamber of the centrifugal which promotes removal of syrup and water from the sugar crystals through the centrifugal basket wall. Additional drying of the separated crystals is provided by injection of air above the sugar chamber to replace that which is extracted through the centrifugal basket wall.