Abstract: The present invention is directed to 2-hydroxy-4-alkylidenecyclohexanealkanoic acids having a mercaptoalkanoic acid substituent at the 3-position. Esters and amides corresponding to the acids referred to above are also encompassed by the present invention. These compounds are useful in the treatment of bronchial asthma and they are obtained by the reaction of an appropriate 2,3-epoxy-4-alkylidenecyclohexanealkanoate with a mercapto alkanoic acid ester in the presence of a tertiary amine. The indicated process gives the esters of the present invention which can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding free acids by standard procedures. The compounds described can be subjected to other known reactions to give the other compounds of the present invention.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties. The cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an --OR.sub.2 or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 radical,B is hydroxyl, an --NHOR.sub.1 radical or a metal or ammonium salt thereofR is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl, each unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy or C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkythio,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylthioalkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl of 3 to 12 carbon atoms which may or may not be olefinically monounsaturated to tetraunsaturated, can be substituted by not more than 3 methyl or ethyl groups, one vinyl, methylvinyl or allyl group, 1 or 2 chlorine atoms or one alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and can be bridged by an alkylene chain of not more than 4 carbon atoms, X is alkylene of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, which can be monounsaturated or diunsaturated, interrupted by not more than 2 sulfur or oxygen atoms and substituted by not more than 3 alkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen of alkoxycarbonyl where alkoxy is of 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms, propargyl or haloalkenyl of 3 or 4 carbon atoms and 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and the salts of these compounds, processes for their preparation, herbicides containing these compounds, and their use.

Abstract: Described are para-carboalkoxy cyclohexanones defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of consumable materials including foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, chewing tobaccos, perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g., solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, cosmetic compositions, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, hair preparations and perfumed polymers. The compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 ' represents C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkyl and R.sub.2 represents methyl or ethyl are novel compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel anti-arrhythmic amino-alcohol derivatives, characterized by the general formula (1) ##STR1## or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each independently represent hydrogen, alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, acyloxy having 1-6 carbon atoms, hydroxy, halogen or optionally alkyl-substituted amino;R.sub.4 represents hydrogen, hydroxy or alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms,R.sub.5 represents hydrogen or alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms,R.sub.6 represents hydrogen, acyl having 1-18 carbon atoms or alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms,R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 each independently represent hydrogen or alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms,X represents a direct bond or an oxygen atom, andn and m each independently are integers having a value of 1 or 2, whereby the sum of n and m is 2 or 3.

Abstract: A phosphorous acid or mixture of phosphorous acids is used as catalyst in the esterification reaction of phenol and carboxylic acids. Water is removed from the reaction zone in an efficient manner. An ester product of high purity and excellent color with minimal by-products is characteristically produced.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of halogen benzoic acids by oxidation of the corresponding nuclear halogenated toluenes with oxygen or a gas containing oxygen, in acetic acid, with the addition of soluble cobalt and/or manganese compounds, and of sodium bromide, at elevated temperatures of about 80.degree. to 220.degree. C. and pressures of about 1 to 50 bar.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are new aldose reductase inhibitors of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 5 and X is a chalcogen, and methods of preparation. The derivatives are useful for treating or preventing diabetic complications.

Abstract: In a process for preparing aromatic monocarboxylic acids by oxidation of toluene or of toluenes substituted in the nucleus, the starting substances are reacted in the liquid phase with oxygen or with a gas containing oxygen, at a temperature of 80.degree.-180.degree. C. and a pressure of 5 to 50 bar in the presence of acetic acid as diluent and a soluble cobalt and/or manganese salt in combination with a bromide, and the aromatic monocarboxylic acids are then obtained by solid-liquid separation of the cooled reaction mixture.To reduce the dimensions of the oxidation reactor, for which particularly corrosion-resistant materials are necessary, and to isolate the target products in high yield and purity, as well as to reduce the technical complexity and cost of the treatment of the amounts of solvents that are yielded, relatively small amounts of acetic acid are used as solvents or diluents, namely at a ratio by weight of the alkyl aromatic being oxidized and acetic acid of 0.5:1 to 6:1.

Abstract: An advantageous process for producing tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane-2-carboxylic acid which is useful as a perfume composition.According to the invention, tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]dec-8-yl formate (II) is contacted with an inorganic strongly acidic catalyst to obtain tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]decane-2-carboxylic acid (I).

Abstract: A method is described for autoxidizing particular ortho-dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds using a particular type of solvent which gives rise to the formation of 3-alkanoyloxyphthalide compounds, some of which are novel.The phthalides in turn are ionically oxidized to their corresponding aromatic polycarboxylic acids.Combination of the two methods provides a means for converting ortho dialkyl substituted aromatic compounds directly to the corresponding polycarboxylic acids in higher yields and at generally lower overall temperatures and reaction conditions compared to prior art methods.Polycarboxylic acids so obtained are known to be useful in the preparation of alkyds, polyesters, and the like, and, particularly, in the formation of the corresponding acid anhydrides which are used in the preparation of organic high temperature polymers such as polyamides, polyamideimides, and polyimides.

Abstract: Carbamate-sulfenyl-carbamoyl fluoride compounds are valuable insecticidal compositions and are also useful intermediates in the production of bis-carbamate compounds.

Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid suitable for use in direct polymerization, which comprises oxidizing p-xylene with molecular oxygen in an acetic acid solvent in the presence of a heavy metal compound and a bromine compound, wherein after a main reaction step of oxidizing at least 90 mole % of p-xylene fed has been performed,(1) a first purifying step of feeding a gas containing molecular oxygen to the oxidation reaction mixture obtained from the main reaction step in such a proportion that the concentration of oxygen in the off-gas becomes at least 0.5% by volume and smashing the oxidation reaction mixture at a temperature of 140.degree. to 230.degree. C. to decrease the average particle diameter of terephthalic acid by at least 20% from its average particle diameter before smashing, and(2) a second purifying step of feeding a gas containing molecular oxygen to the slurry from the first purifying step in such a proportion that the concentration of oxygen in the off-gas becomes 0.

Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid from p-xylene continuously, wherein p-xylene is oxidized to terephthalic acid by air in the presence of a catalyst containing cobalt, manganese and bromine at a temperature of 180.degree. to 230.degree. C. in a water containing acetic acid solvent in which the concentration of oxygen gas contained in an exhaust gas obtained from the reaction vessel used for oxidizing p-xylene is 2 to 8% by volume, said process comprising, (a) preparing an oxidation exhaust gas by condensing a gas withdrawn from said reaction vessel for removing condensates from said gas, (b) dividing the prepared oxidation exhaust gas into a discharged gas and a recycled gas, in which the volume ratio of said recycled gas to said discharged gas is 0.

Abstract: Fluorocarboxylic acids are prepared by metering fluoronitroaliphatic compounds into a mineral acid which has been initially introduced.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the liquid phase oxidation of an alkyl aromatic in the presence of an oxidation catalyst comprising cobalt, manganese and bromine components wherein at least a portion of the cobalt and manganese components are solid cobalt and manganese oxalates.

Abstract: An industrially advantageous process for producing 4-homoisotwistane-3-carboxylic acid.According to the invention, tricyclo[5.2.1.0.sup.2,6 ]dec-8-yl-methylformate (II) is contacted with an inorganic strongly acidic catalyst to obtain 4-homoisotwistane-3-carboxylic acid (I).

Abstract: Perfluorinated surface-active block or random oligomers of the formula ##STR1## where R denotes a C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 -hydrocarbon or -hydrofluorocarbon radical,Y denotes a C.sub.6 -C.sub.13 -fluorocarbon or -hydrofluorocarbon radical which can contain a chain oxygen atom,Z denotes a group which confers solubility in water andp and q denote integers or decimal numbers from 0.5 to 30are provided. They are suitable for use in cosmetic compositions for the treatment of hair. They slow down the flow of sebum and the rate at which hair becomes greasy again.

Abstract: A method is described for the control of nematodes in agricultural crops which comprises applying to the situs of infestation of a nematicidal composition containing as active ingredient a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is hydroxy, carbamoyloxy, or acyloxy, R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, X is halogen or methyl, n is 1 or 2. Preparation of active ingredient compounds is described, and nematicidal utility of compositions is exemplified.

Abstract: Novel homocysteine thiolactone bifunctional chelating agents useful for chelating radionuclides to produce a radiodiagnostic agent for use in vivo imaging and a method for producing this chelating agent.