Abstract: The invention concerns an improvement of a drive system of a color image forming apparatus. The color image-forming apparatus includes a plurality of image-forming elements; a plurality of first driving motors, each of which corresponds to each of the image-forming elements, to drive the plurality of image-forming elements; an intermediate transfer element that is disposed opposite the plurality of image-forming elements; a second driving motor to drive the intermediate transfer element; and a controlling section to control the plurality of first driving motors and the second driving motor. In the color image-forming apparatus, the controlling section controls the plurality of first driving motors and the second driving motor independently of each other, so that a first peripheral speed of each of the image-forming elements coincides with a second peripheral speed of the intermediate transfer element.

Abstract: A chromed exhaust pipe and muffler for motorcycles that is capable of withstanding the extreme heat generated at high rpm's of a motorcycle engine without discoloring or “bluing”. A double wall construction is utilized for the exhaust pipe and muffler with the back side of the exterior chromed pipe cut away along the length of the pipe from the mounting flange to the muffler core. The cut-away exterior pipe is dimensional to allow the interior pipe to be inserted in one piece from the mounting flange to the muffler core, as well as cooling the exterior pipe, thereby preventing heat discoloration of the exterior chromed pipe. Spacers are welded to the interior pipe and the exterior pipe at the backside cut-away of the exterior pipe to space the interior pipe within the exterior pipe. The muffler core includes a baffle core enclosed by an interior pipe section, allowing gases to flow out the back end only. The interior pipe is spaced apart from and enclosed in the exterior chromed pipe.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for accelerating a disc drive spindle motor to an operational velocity at which data are transferred between a host device and a disc rotated by the spindle motor. The spindle motor is initially accelerated from rest to an intermediate velocity at which sufficient back electromotive force (bemf) is generated by the rotation of the spindle motor to enable commutation circuitry of the disc drive to time the application of drive pulses to the spindle motor. The spindle motor is subsequently accelerated from the intermediate velocity to the operational velocity by applying a velocity dependent reference profile which establishes a sequence of reference levels to control the flow of current through the spindle motor during acceleration. The sequence of reference levels have different magnitudes at different velocities of the spindle motor between the intermediate velocity and the operational velocity.

Abstract: A power window switch circuit, even if soaked, prevents windows from opening or closing unintentionally. A DOWN switch (128) and an UP switch (129) each include a first fixed contact (DN1, UP1) connected with a power supply, a second fixed contact (DN2, UP2) grounded, and movable contacts (131, 132, 133, 134) for selectively connects either the first or second fixed contact with the first terminal of corresponding relay coils (21, 23). A transistor (TR4) responsive to a soak signal is connected between the ground and the second fixed contacts (DN2, UP2) of the UP and DOWN switches. The second terminals of the first and second relay coils are grounded through their respective transistors. When a soak is detected, a soak detector (15) supplies a soak signal to the transistors.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus produce current values dependent on the position of the accelerator pedal controlling the power of one or more electric drives for moving a mobile device that is energised by a fuel cell. The time required by the drive or drives to respond to a change in the desired current value produced as a function of the position of the accelerator pedal is kept as small as possible by producing a current value—convertible into a desired torque value—which is held continuously at a value sufficient to ensure that the output voltage of the fuel cell just avoids undershooting a critical limit.

Abstract: A machine tool and a control method therefor providing an improved machining accuracy even when a numerical control and electronic cam control coexist. The CPU determines the moving position of the workpiece, the tool, and the drilling tool according to the command from each channel machining sequence storage portion, and outputs the determined position as a command signal in response to the pulse signal generated at the pulse signal generating circuit. The workpiece, the tool, and the drilling tool are thereby electronic cam controlled. The CPU also determines the moving position of the workpiece and the tool according to the command from each channel machining sequence storage portion, and outputs the determined position as a command signal in response to the divided timing signal generated at the divided timing signal generating circuit. The workpiece and the tool are thereby numerically controlled.