Abstract: An equalizer of a transversal filter type is given a substantially constant gain at a preselected frequency (f.sub.p) in a predetermined frequency band of an input and an output signal. For this purpose, the output signal is given by multiplying the routine transversal filter output by a reciprocal of an absolute value of a sum of complex tap gains (C.sub.1 to C.sub.N+1). Alternatively, the input signal and successively delayed signals (IN and D.sub.1 to D.sub.N) may be multiplied by the reciprocal before summation. It is possible to approximate the reciprocal by omitting those of the tap gains which are near both ends (as C.sub.1 and C.sub.N+1).

Abstract: A plane conductive contact surface on a support member for a first microwave circuit chip is parallel and coextensive with a planar spring finger contact element of a support member for a second microwave circuit chip. The contact surface and contact element are connected to the ground planes of the respective chips. The contact element resiliently engages the conductive contact when the support members are positioned adjacent to one another. The circuit elements on the opposite surface from the ground plane on the two chips are connected to one another by a wire which is centered over the spring finger contact element and the impedance of the connection comprising the wire and spring contact closely matches the impedance of the two microwave circuit chips. The resistance at the connection between the spring finger contact element and the conductive contact surface is low.

Abstract: The odd order auto-corrected electric filter comprises first input matching means for receiving the input signal and transmitting it to filter means for bringing about a broad band filtering of the signal and transmitting it to second output matching means. Correction means placed between at least two filter members bring about a self-correction of the envelope delay and/or an amplitude correction.

Abstract: An equalizer for loaded telephone lines comprises a switched-capacitor summing amplifier which sums the input to and output from the filter in proportions which vary with the capacitances of two variable capacitors. The variable capacitors are constituted by a plurality of fixed capacitors which are switched to form part of one varibale capacitor or the other, so that the sum of the capacitances of the variable capacitors is constant.

Abstract: An LC composite component comprising a coaxial bobbin, a plurality of collars thereon defining winding grooves therebetween, coils wound in the winding grooves, each collar having a concave recess therein, open at a top end thereof, terminal pins projecting upwardly from the opposite ends of the concave recess, a leadless tip type capacitor having upwardly projecting electrodes accommodated in the concave recess and the coils and the capacitor electrodes being connected with each other by the terminal pins, the capacitor electrodes being connected to the terminal pins so as to stably and firmly secure the capacitor at the open end of the concave recess of each collar.

Abstract: A microstrip to waveguide transition is achieved by passing a portion of a microstrip circuit through an aperture in a transverse wall of a waveguide. The aperture is dimensioned and positioned so as not to significantly disturb propagation in the waveguide. A tab of the microstrip substrate extends through the aperture and into the waveguide, where a probe disposed on the tab couples to energy in the waveguide. The probe is connected to the microstrip circuit by means of a transition section on the tab within the aperture. The transition section is as narrow as possible to minimize capacitive coupling to the waveguide wall and is an integral multiple of one-half wavelength for a smooth impedance match from the probe to the microstrip.

Abstract: A high frequency stripline-type power divider/combiner comprising a patterned metal layer having an input and two output strips, a dielectric substrate, and a resistive material layer interposed between the metal layer and substrate. A portion of the resistive material layer defines a resistive bridge that extends between and resistively interconnects the output strips, thereby acting as a resistive load for the cancellation of reflected power output signals. The patterned metal layer and resistive bridge are concurrently defined by standard photolithographic and etching techniques, thereby allowing the simple and accurate fabrication of an integral power divider/combiner.

Abstract: A noise reducing apparatus consists of a compression system and an expansion system. The compression system comprises a pre-emphasis circuit for performing a pre-emphasis operation with respect to an input signal, a first variable gain control circuit for giving a level compression characteristic to an output signal of the pre-emphasis circuit, to produce an output signal to a transmission path, a first control voltage producing circuit for dividing the output signal of the first variable gain control circuit into a plurality of bands, to produce a plurality of control voltages respectively given mutually different bands, a first weighting circuit for respectively and relatively weighting the plurality of control voltages obtained from the first control voltage producing circuit, and a first adding circuit for adding the plurality of control voltages obtained from the first weighting circuit, to obtain a first control voltage and apply this first control voltage to the first variable gain control circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for the chemical analysis of a sample ejects neutral and charged particles from the sample by ion bombardment from a primary ion source. An electric diaphragm passes only the ejected neutral particles for ioniziation in a plasma which is separate from the primary ion source and which serves only for the post-ionization of the neutral particles. The ionized particles are then analyzed by mass spectrometry. Charging of insulating samples by primary ions is prevented by rendering the diaphragm permeable to plasma electrons.

Abstract: A dominant TEM mode and a pair of spatially orthogonal TE.sub.11 modes suitably excited at the input ports of a coaxial waveguide commutator portion of a coaxial waveguide commutation feed network are employed to generate a commutatable low-sidelobe amplitude distribution at symmetrically disposed peripheral output ports of the coaxial waveguide commutator. The resulting low-sidelobe amplitude distribution can be used to feed radiating elements of an associated circular phased array antenna. The coaxial waveguide commutator is configured, inter alia, with a linearly tapered inner conductor surrounded by a uniform tube outer conductor to achieve a smoother TEM-dominant mode characteristic impedance transition from the input port plane to the output port plane thereof. Employment of this feed geometry, in conjunction with balanced four-port feeding of the coaxial waveguide commutator which inhibits the higher order TE modes, increases the bandwidth capability while maintaining low insertion loss.

Abstract: A Y-junction dielectric waveguide circulator is provided with a dielectric upport plate. At the vertex of adjacent dielectric waveguides are positioned metal tuning legs. These tuning legs are spaced from the waveguides and extend higher than them. Preferably the tuning legs are made integral with a cap positioned above the circulator junction. This cap also serves as a holder for the upper biasing magnet. The lower magnet is centered under the junction and bonded to the bottom of the support plate.

Abstract: A microwave resonator is formed by a cylindrical conductive loop and one or more gaps which extend along its length. The loop forms an inductive element and the gaps form capacitive elements which determine the resonant frequency. The loop is surrounded by a conductive shield which improves the quality factor (Q) of the resonator and high frequency radio signals are coupled to the resonator by an inductive loop positioned at one of its ends.

Abstract: The present invention is for an apparatus and method of fast-switching a dual-toroid microwave ferrite phase shifter. A first circuit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in one of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A second conduit is provided for controllably switching the ferrite in the other of the toroids between a saturated and partially saturated states. A control circuit is provided for controlling the first and second circuits such that the ferrite in at least one of the toroids is maintained in the saturated state at any given time such that any desired phase shift may be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid. The present invention provides new reference states such that there are two reciprocal phase states for any given phase state such that a reciprocal phase state may always be achieved with only one switching operation for each toroid.

Abstract: The phase shift resolution provided by an N element digital gyromagnetic phase shifter is increased and the number of obtainable phase states is increased by 2.sup.N -1 to 2.sup.N+1 -1 by modification of the control and driver circuitry to selectively set elements to a half-maximum phase shift condition in addition to the known zero phase shift and maximum phase shift conditions.

Abstract: A microwave group delay equalizer in microstrip form comprises a dielectric substrate having a ground plane on one surface and on the other surface two conductive strips oriented end to end and spaced apart by a narrow gap and connected together by a relatively narrow inductive conductive strip of substantially greater length than the gap between the first two strips. A dielectric layer overlies the adjacent ends of the first two conductor strips. A fourth conductor strip is disposed over the dielectric layer to provide capacitive coupling between the first and second conductors. The fourth conductor is connected to a grounded capacitor by a fifth relatively narrow inductive conductive strip.

Abstract: Each antenna of the phased array is supplied a lineal polarized wave which has been shifted in phase and rotated in polarization in accordance with a cascade connection of a NRCP, Faraday rotator and a RNRCP. The control windings of the Faraday rotator and the rotating polarizer determine the amount of phase shift and rotation of the polarization of the propagating wave.

Abstract: In a switching network in matrix form for megahertz frequency signals, including: a multilayer printed circuit board having a plurality of row signal lines located in a first plane, a plurality of column signal lines located in a second plane and extending transverse to the row lines, the row and column signal lines intersecting one another in an intersection area, control and/or shielding conductors surrounding the lines, and metal shields enclosing the planes; a crosspoint array integrated on a chip and providing a plurality of crosspoints for the intersection area, each crosspoint presenting two semiconductor switches arranged to couple a respective column signal line to a respective row signal line; and a shielded package enclosing the chip, each line is constituted by a balanced pair of stripline conductors and is terminated at each end by its characteristic impedance.

Abstract: A variable impedance synthesis circuit is provided for generating a selected impedance, whether real or complex, at a predetermined port. The variable impedance synthesis circuit exhibits the selected impedance in response to control signals applied thereto.

Abstract: A transmission line having substantially reduced far-end forward wave crosstalk is characterized by a single layer of dielectric material having a thickness chosen to provide a forward wave coupling constant K.sub.F substantially equal to zero. The dielectric layer is located on a ground plane, and has a plurality of signal carrying conductors embedded in it. The thickness H of the dielectric underlayer below the signal carrying conductors is chosen to provide a transmission line having the selected values of impedance, etc. and substantially reduced forward wave crosstalk. The thickness t of the dielectric overlayer above the signal carrying conductors is chosen (for the selected value of thickness H of the dielectric underlayer) at the finite value critical thickness at which forward wave mutual capacitance and forward wave mutual inductance cancel to a null. The ground plane and the signal carrying conductors can be superconductors.

Abstract: A low loss leakage transmission line including a cylindrical dielectric tube the wall thickness d.sub.2 of which is selected to satisfy ##EQU1## where .epsilon..sub.1 is the dielectric constant of the internal space within the tube, .epsilon..sub.2 is the dielectric constant of the material which forms the tube, and n is a positive odd integer. A loss layer may be disposed around the cylindrical dielectric tube to capture any lost wave energy. In one embodiment, a plurality of cylindrical dielectric tubes of different dielectric constants are coaxially arranged with the wall thickness of each of the tubes satisfying the above formula.