Abstract: Provided is toner which has good low-temperature fixability, shelf stability and hot offset resistance, and which suppresses a decrease in glossiness of an image. The toner comprising colored resin particles containing a binder resin, a colorant, a softening agent and a charge control agent, and an external additive, wherein a glass transition temperature (Tg) specified from a temperature dependence curve of a loss tangent (tan ?) obtained by dynamic viscoelastic measurement of the toner, is 50° C. or more and less than 90° C.; the loss tangent (tan ?) at the glass transition temperature (Tg) is 1.70 or less; in a temperature range of 90° C. or more and 160° C. or less, a lowest temperature (Ta) with a loss tangent of 1.50 is more than 95° C. and less than 145° C.; and a storage elastic modulus (G?) at the lowest temperature (Ta) is less than 56000 Pa.

Abstract: Provided an electrophotographic electro-conductive member that can stably suppress an occurrence of fogging in an electrophotographic image. The member comprises a support having an electro-conductive outer surface, and an electro-conductive layer on the outer surface of the support, the electro-conductive layer having a matrix including a cross-linked product of a first rubber, and domains dispersed in the matrix, the domains each includes a cross-linked product of a second rubber and an electro-conductive particle, at least some of the domains is exposed to the outer surface of the electro-conductive member to constitute protrusions on an outer surface of the member, the outer surface of the electro-conductive member is constituted by the matrix and the domains exposed to the outer surface of the electrophotographic electro-conductive member, the electrophotographic electro-conductive member has an impedance of 1.0×103? or more and 1.0×108? or less, and some of the domains satisfy two specific requirements.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that comprises a toner base particle and an outermost layer present on the toner base particle surface, the toner base particle containing a binder resin wherein a plurality of concave portions are formed on the toner particle surface, and when T (nm) is an average thickness of the outermost layer in analysis of a cross section of the toner particle as observed with TEM, and a (nm) is a long diameter, b (nm) is a short diameter and d (nm) is a depth of each of the concave portions, respectively, when the concave portions on the toner particle are measured by using SPM from an outermost surface of the outermost layer toward the toner particle center, when “n” represents a number of the concave portions that satisfy specific relationships per 1 ?m2 of the toner particle surface is 30 to 200.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developer includes a toner including toner particles that include a binder resin and a release agent and have an exposure ratio of the release agent of 15% or more and 30% or less, and a carrier including magnetic particles and resin cover layers covering the magnetic particles and including inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles have an arithmetic average particle size of 5 nm or more and 90 nm or less, the resin cover layers have an average thickness of 0.6 ?m or more and 1.4 ?m or less, and a fine-irregularity-structure surface roughness of surfaces of the carrier three-dimensionally analyzed has, in an analysis region, a ratio B/A of an irregularity-surface area B to a plan-view area A of 1.020 or more and 1.100 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a toner that can maintain excellent transferability even when a transfer bias is low. The toner includes a toner particle that includes a toner base particle and a plurality of convex portions X existing on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein the convex portion X contains an organic silicon polymer; when a cross-section of the toner is observed with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and the convex portions X comprise a plurality of convex portions Y each having a convex height H of 40 nm or higher, a number ratio P (H/w) of the a number of the convex portions Y2 in which a ratio (H/w) of the convex height H to the convex width w is 0.33 or larger and 0.80 or smaller is 70% by number or more with respect to a total number of the convex portions Y.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an electroconductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protection layer, wherein the protection layer contains electroconductive particles, a content of the electroconductive particles in the protection layer is 40 to 70 vol %, and a volume resistivity of the protection layer is 1.0×109 to 1.0×1014 ?·cm.

Abstract: The peak top molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the toner, as measured by gel permeation chromatography, is 4,000 or more and 6,500 or less. The tetrahydrofuran-insoluble component of the toner is 10% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less. When the endothermic peak temperature T1 in the heating process and the exothermic peak temperature T2 during the cooling process originating from the ester wax is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, the value T1-T2 is 15° C. or more and 30° C. or less.

Abstract: A method of managing a critical dimension error includes (i) defining, in a photomask, N openings having a width, where N is a natural number, (ii) using graphs for each of the N openings, each of the graphs being obtained by setting locations through an opening of the N openings as a first axis and an intensity of transmitting light as a second axis, obtaining ILSi proportional to an inclination of a tangent to a graph of the graphs at a location corresponding to an edge of an opening and Ii which is an intensity of transmitting light at the location, where i is a natural number from 1 to N, (iii) obtaining, with respect to each of the N openings, a real width CDi of the openings, and (iv) when I a ? v ? e = 1 N ? ? i = 1 N ? I i , CD a ? v ? e = 1 N ? ? i = 1 N ? CD i ? ? and ? ? ILS a ? v ? e = 1 N ? ? i = 1 N ? ILS i , obtaining AIMEEFi which is an aerial image mask error enhancement factor with respect to each of the N openings accordi

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and organosilicon polymer particles on a surface of the toner particle, wherein the binder resin comprising an amorphous resin and a crystalline polyester resin, an absolute value |SPcpes?SPsi| of a difference between an SP value (SPsi) of the organosilicon polymer particles and an SP value (SPcpes) of the crystalline polyester resin is not more than 2.00 (cal/cm3)1/2, and an amount of adsorbed water in the organosilicon polymer particles at a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80% RH is not more than 20 mg/g.

Abstract: A toner comprises a toner particle containing a resin component and a wax; and an inorganic fine particle on a surface of the toner particle, wherein in the cross section of the toner particle, domains including the wax are present in a region ranging from a surface of the toner particle to a depth of 600 nm from the surface, wherein when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of all the domains in the region with respect to an area of the region is R2, and when a percentage ratio of sum of areas of the domains having a major diameter of 10 to 120 nm in the region with respect to the area of the region is R1, R1 and R2 satisfy the following formulae (1) and (2): 2.0?R1(%)?15.0??formula(1) R1(%)/R2(%)?0.60??formula (2).

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle comprising a binder resin and a wax, wherein the binder resin comprises an amorphous polyester resin and a polymer A, contents of the amorphous polyester resin and the polymer A in the binder resin are within specific ranges, the polymer A comprises a first monomer unit in which ester (meth)acrylates comprising 18 to 36 carbon atoms are polymerized, a content ratio of the first monomer unit in the polymer A is within specific range, the toner comprises a matrix-domain structure comprising a matrix comprising the amorphous polyester resin and domains, and the domains comprise a domain A comprising at least 80 mass % of the polymer A and a domain B comprising at least 80 mass % of the wax.

Abstract: A magnetic toner includes toner particles. The toner particles each include a toner mother particle. The toner mother particle includes a polyester resin domain, a vinyl resin domain, and a magnetic powder. A vinyl resin constituting the vinyl resin domain includes a repeating unit having a non-ring-opened oxazoline group. An area rate of an area in which the vinyl resin domain is exposed in a surface area of the toner mother particle is at least 0.02% and no greater than 1.00%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mask defect repair apparatus that is capable of performing defect repair with high accuracy without exposure of a mask to air while being moved between the mask defect repair apparatus and an inspection device. The mask defect repair apparatus emits charged particle beams with an amount of irradiation therewith which is corrected by a correction unit while supplying gas to a defect of the mask, thereby forming a deposition film.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes: a toner particle containing a binder resin; and an external additive containing alumina particles having a volume average particle diameter of more than 5 nm and 80 nm or less and silica particles having a volume average particle diameter of 10 nm or more and 90 nm or less, and in the toner particle, a Net intensity NA of a total of an alkali metal element and an alkaline earth metal element, measured by fluorescence X-ray analysis, is 0.10 kcps or more and 1.30 kcps or less, and a ratio (Ws/Wa) of a content Ws of the silica particles to a content Wa of the alumina particles is more than 0.5 and less than 35.

Abstract: The peak top molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble component of the toner, as measured by gel permeation chromatography, is 4,000 or more and 6,500 or less. The tetrahydrofuran-insoluble component of the toner is 10% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less. When the endothermic peak temperature T1 in the heating process and the exothermic peak temperature T2 during the cooling process originating from the ester wax is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter, the value T1-T2 is 15° C. or more and 30° C. or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a toner for development of electrostatic images excellent in fusing property on polypropylene films and excellent in rubfastness of printed images, and a resin composition for a toner for development of electrostatic images.

Abstract: A mask for use in a semiconductor lithography process includes a substrate, a mask pattern disposed on the substrate, and a light absorbing border surrounding the mask pattern. The light absorbing border is inset from at least two edges of the substrate to define a peripheral region outside of the light absorbing border. In some designs, a first peripheral region extends from an outer perimeter of the light absorbing border to a first edge of the substrate, and a second peripheral region that extends from the outer perimeter of the light absorbing border to a second edge of the substrate, where the first edge of the substrate and the second edge of the substrate are on opposite sides of the mask pattern.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle, wherein the toner particle includes a toner base particle containing a binder resin and includes a protruded portion on a surface of the toner base particle; the protruded portion comprises an organosilicon polymer and a polyhydric acid metal salt; and the polyhydric acid metal salt is present on a surface of the protruded portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring a photomask for semiconductor lithography, including the following steps: recording an aerial image of at least one region of the photomask, defining at least one region of interest, ascertaining structure edges in at least one region of interest, providing desired structures to be produced by the photomask, adapting the ascertained structure edges to the desired structures, and displacing the adapted structure edges by means of the results of a separate registration measurement.

Abstract: A method for producing a toner for electrostatic charge image development includes: aggregating binder resin particles in a dispersion containing the binder resin particles to form aggregated particles; terminating growth of the aggregated particles by adding an alkaline aqueous solution to a dispersion containing the aggregated particles to increase a pH of the dispersion containing the aggregated particles; and fusing and coalescing the aggregated particles into toner particles by heating the dispersion containing the aggregated particles. Terminating the growth of the aggregated particles includes, while stirring the dispersion containing the aggregated particles, stepwise or continuously reducing a stirring power per unit volume.