Abstract: An electrical storage capacitor system that efficiently initializes itself to its initial state during pause intervals between charging/discharging cycles of operation without providing any special initializing cycles. The capacitor system comprises capacitors connected in series to store electricity, a variation decision means for judging the amount of variation in amount of charge between the capacitors, an operation decision means for judging whether the capacitors are being charged or discharged, and a initializing charging means for charging the capacitors to initialize themselves to their initial state according to the results of decisions made by the variation decision means and by the operation decision means.

Abstract: A bus bridge with a pool of buffers sets including first and second buffer sets. The bridge includes steering logic for directing transactions issued by a first peripheral device to the first buffer set and transactions issued by the second peripheral device to the second buffer set. The bus bridge is configured to pull posted memory write transactions ahead of a delayed read completion transaction in the first buffer set in response to identifying the first peripheral device as a target of a read request issued by a processor. In one embodiment, the bus bridge is further configured to receive first and second device select signals from the first and second peripheral devices respectively. In this embodiment, the device select signals indicate the target of the read request issued by the processor.

Abstract: The battery charging device obtains an open-circuit voltage at the time of 70% capacity based on information stored in a ROM of a battery package prior to the charge, and upon measuring an open-circuit voltage of the battery package by a voltage measuring portion, if this open-circuit voltage is higher than the obtained open-circuit voltage, a second indicator is switched ON to indicate that the remaining capacity is not less than 70% to thereby enable discrimination among batteries requiring charge or that do not prior to starting charging.

Abstract: An electricity accumulator which is capable of equalizing the voltages of a plurality of electricity accumulating devices such as batteries in an inexpensive and simple construction and quickly even in a state which is not a fully charged state. Dissipation of electrical energy is prevented. The electricity device includes a plurality connected in series. There is a capacitor connectable in parallel with at least two of the electricity accumulating devices. A connection switching device switches selectively a first connection mode in which the capacitor is connected to a first electricity accumulating device so that the capacitor is charged or discharged through the first electricity accumulating device and a second connection mode in which the capacitor is connected to a second electricity accumulating device.

Abstract: An energy storage system for use in a magnetic pulse welding and forming apparatus includes a bank of capacitors and a very-low inductance conductive bus system interconnecting the capacitors. The bus system provides the ability to generate a very high frequency, short duration impulse which is needed for welding. The bus system includes first, second and third flat bus panels disposed in closely spaced overlying relation. The second, or middle, bus panel is the “hot” bus and is electrically insulated from the first (lower) and third (upper) bus panels by sheets of electrically insulating material. The first and third bus panels are connected together cooperatively form a ground bus. The bus system overlies the upper ends of the capacitors wherein the second bus panel is electrically interconnected to the respective hot contacts of the capacitors, and further wherein the ground bus is electrically interconnected with the respective ground contacts of the plurality of capacitors.

Abstract: Soft switching DC-to-DC converter operates at record high efficiency despite its small size and weight and ultra high overload current capability of several times the nominal load current. Such performance is made possible by use of unique magnetic and switching circuits with special properties. Other desirable performance features are provided concurrently such as: zero ripple current on input and output, low conducted and radiated Electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, as well as low component stresses for increased converter reliability.

Abstract: A reconfiguration memory device is provided associated with a main memory array. The reconfiguration memory device generates a spare address in real time corresponding to a faulty address. The reconfiguration memory device is coupled to an address line, so that when address information is received for the main memory array, the address information is also received by the reconfiguration memory device. The reconfiguration memory device is adapted to send an output signal that results in the address in the spare memory address array being addressed, if the received address information corresponds to a stored faulty address. The output signal includes a spare control signal that directs components to look to the output of the spare memory.

Abstract: A battery charger for charging at least two storage batteries, comprises: a first charging pocket for receiving a first storage battery; a second charging pocket for receiving a second storage battery; a main controller for generating a power supply control signal, charging voltage setting control signal according to the voltage types of the batteries inserted in the first and second charging pockets, and charging current setting control signal according to the current capacities of the batteries; a voltage adjustment circuit for adjusting the charging voltage to the levels respectively fit for the voltage types of the batteries according to the charging voltage setting control signal; a current adjustment circuit for adjusting the charging current to the levels respectively fit for the current capacities of the batteries according to the charging current setting control signal; and a power supply control circuit for supplying or blocking the charging voltages to the batteries according to the power supply co

Abstract: In a method for monitoring the charging of gastight alkaline rechargeable batteries, the characteristics of the critical charging voltage (Ucrit) on a rechargeable battery are determined as a function of the charging current (I) for various temperatures (T) and are linearized by means of a function in the form A(I)×T+B(I). The value pairs A and B are stored as parameter arrays in a battery management system, and during operation of a physically identical rechargeable battery which is to be monitored, the associated critical charging voltage is calculated by measuring the temperature and charging current and is used to control the charging of the rechargeable battery. On reaching the critical charging voltage (Ucrit) which corresponds to the critical state of charge (LZcrit), the value of the critical state of charge can be calculated by measuring the current (I) and temperature (T).

Abstract: A bidirectional switching device has a first main semiconductor element and a second main semiconductor element. The first main semiconductor element has a first main electrode connected to an ungrounded side of an AC power source, and a second main electrode. The first main semiconductor element contains a first parasitic diode whose cathode region is connected to the first main electrode and whose anode region is connected to the second main electrode. The second main semiconductor element has a third main electrode connected to the second main electrode, and a fourth main electrode connected to a load. The second main semiconductor element contains a second parasitic diode whose anode region is connected to the third main electrode and whose cathode region is connected to the fourth main electrode.

Abstract: A method of voltage driving a load using a controlled current includes providing a negative feedback of an output current, measuring the output current on a collector of an output transistor of an output stage, comparing the measured output current with an input current to define a current difference, and providing the current difference at a base of the output transistor to provide the voltage driving.

Abstract: An NPC inverter control system includes a DC power source having a neutral point corresponding to a junction of a pair of capacitors connected in serial one another, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, at least one multi-level inverter circuit having a plurality of semiconductor devices coupled to the DC power source and configured to invert the DC power to an AC power and to supply the AC power to a load, and a plurality of saturatable reactors configured to join the positive and negative electrodes of the DC power source to the multi-level inverter circuit.

Abstract: A synchronous switching apparatus for detecting a source voltage of each phase to close each phase at an electrical phase angle predetermined for each phase, including switching devices 1a-1c provided one for each phase for opening and closing an impedance load, switching devices 2a-2c for closing and opening the switching devices 1a-1c for each phase, measuring transformers 5a-5c for measuring source voltages of the respective phases and phase-to-phase voltages, and phase control devices 42 each for issuing a command for energizing the impedance load at an electrical phase angle in a range predetermined for each phase, when detecting a zero point of a source voltage of each phase or a zero point of each phase-to-phase voltage.

Abstract: A power supply device for an electromotive railcar, including a series circuit composed of a plurality of first capacitors, connected to receive a first DC voltage from an electric power line; a plurality of DC/AC/DC converters. Each of the DC/AC/DC converters including an inverter bridge with an input thereof connected in parallel to one of the first capacitors and having a plurality of power transistors, an insulating transformer with a high carrier frequency and having a primary winding connected to an output of the inverter bridge, and a rectifier circuit connected to a secondary winding of the insulating transformer to output a DC voltage.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to a method and apparatus for recalibrating and/or estimating a battery's state of charge (SOC). The subject invention is advantageous in situations where the battery infrequently, if ever, reaches a full charge and/or a full discharge. In a specific embodiment, the subject method and apparatus can utilize a battery's voltage and/or current, and/or changes in a battery's voltage and/or current with time, to recalibrate and/or estimate the battery's SOC. The method and apparatus of the subject invention can monitor various parameters relating to the condition of the battery in order to determine where on the open circuit voltage (OCV) versus SOC curve, the dOCV/dSOC versus SOC curve, and/or d2OCV/dSOC2 versus SOC curve the curve the battery is and, in a specific embodiment, when the battery reaches inflection point of the OCV versus SOC curve.

Abstract: A system for freezing a communication device in a debug mode has a clock control circuit arranged to produce an internal clock signal in response to an external clock signal. When a stop signal is asserted, the internal clock signal is fixed in its off state. As a result, operations of internal registers supplied with the internal clock signal freeze in a chosen state. A scan test may be performed to examine the internal registers in the chosen state. A bypass clock signal is supplied to control the internal clock signal so as to move the internal registers from one state to another. Thus, an event that causes an error may be recreated.

Abstract: A method for determining the state of charge of a storage battery, wherein at least two methods of different approach for determining state of charge are simultaneously applied. The individually obtained results of the different methods are weighted in accordance with their respective reliability in the respective current or former operating situation of the storage battery, and the weighted mean value of the individual methods thus obtained is used as final output variable of the method and displayed. The voltage of the storage battery, the current flowing through it and its temperatures are measured, and the different methods use these input variables and variables derived from these input variables as final input variables. At least one of the different methods uses the integration of the current flowing through the storage battery to determine the changes in the charge content of the storage battery.

Abstract: The PMOS transistor M1 is controlled by a time constant circuit 2 having a second resistor R2 and a capacitor C1 which are provided between a collector of the PNP transistor Q1 and the ground, and a hysteresis comparator 3, to which a voltage obtained by the time constant circuit 2 is applied, for controlling a gate of the PMOS transistor M1.

Abstract: A self-contained, battery powered, on board auxiliary starting device provides high DC power levels for short durations for starting engines. Preferred devices have a battery, a connector terminal assembly, and a monitor/control circuit that controls the charging and use of the auxiliary battery, and limits the device output to safe voltage levels so the auxiliary battery is not damaged due to overdischarge. The connector terminal assembly preferably has 2 or more contacts, sized and dimensioned to electrically contact (mate) with selected electric power harnesses selected to connect to and provide auxiliary power to augment standard batteries. In another aspect of preferred embodiments, the coupling mechanism and mounting bracket allow the battery to be quickly removed from the principal mounting bracket and quickly installed on another engine or be connected to a special set of mating cables with clamps for attachment across another battery for augmenting its power.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control system of battery health. One or more cells of a float charged battery are shunted periodically through a current generator; or through a switch and a resistor. The system measures impedance and/or state of charge by sampling the change in cell voltage during a shunt period or between sequel shunt periods.