Abstract: The process purifies exhaust gas produced by combustion of waste materials including garbage, industrial wastes and/or sewage sludge. The exhaust gas is contaminated particularly with dust, SO.sub.2, HCl, HF, Hg, mercury compounds, and dioxins and furans and can be expected to have an oxygen content. In the process, the exhaust gas is treated in a spray absorber with a suspension of Ca(OH).sub.2 ; the exhaust gas is subsequently filtered in two successive filteration stages; the exhaust gas leaving the first filtering stage still has an SO.sub.2 content of from 20 to 500 mg/sm.sup.3 ; activated carbon, preferably hearth furnace coke, is introduced into the exhaust gas stream before the second filtering stage; and the exhaust gas is finally scrubbed with a mixture which contains water and NaOH, Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3, Ca(OH).sub.2 and CaCO.sub.3 in a dissolved or suspended state.

Abstract: A process is provided which is capable of removing impurities from an impurity-containing hydrogen gas without generating methane. A bed of particulate nickel in an amount of at least 5% by weight as elemental nickel at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to 50.degree. C. removes all impurities except nitrogen. Then a bed of getter material, a zirconium, vanadium and iron alloy at a temperature of from 200.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. removes the nitrogen impurity thus producing purified hydrogen with an impurity content of less that 20 ppb. A purifier for carrying out the process is also described.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process and apparatus for making fullerenes by vaporizing carbon and conducting the resulting carbon vapor to a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing. In one embodiment concentrated solar energy is used to vaporize carbon. In a further embodiment, concentrated solar energy may be used to improve fullerene yields by vaporizing carbon and further to prevent carbon cluster formation until the carbon vapor passes into a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing. The invention provides an improvement to increase the yield of any known process wherein carbon is vaporized under high light conditions, the improvement comprising providing a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing.

Abstract: A mixture of amines made by reacting an amine compound with an aldehyde compound has been found to reduce the levels of H.sub.2 S in liquid or gaseous hydrocarbon streams. At least one of the compounds must have an alkoxyalkylene radical. In one embodiment of the invention, the mixture of amines contains at least one hexahydrotriazine compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl radical, including substituted alkyl radicals, of 1 to 5 carbon atoms; where at least one of the groups is an alkoxyalkylene group. In another embodiment of the invention, the amine mixture may contain other by products, such as the monomers which make up the hexahydrotriazine, with or without the hexahydrotriazine being present. These materials are selective to the reduction of H.sub.2 S levels in hydrocarbon or aqueous streams in the presence of CO.sub.2 which does not compromise their performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition, comprising a carbon nanostructure having a palladium crystallite encapsulated therein; and more particularly, to worm-like carbon nanostructures attached to a carbon cluster, the worm-like nanostructures being comprised of a plurality of connecting sections of carbon tubes terminating in an end portion which encapsulates a palladium crystallite within its internal cavity.

Abstract: The present invention is an ammonia injection scheme for NO.sub.x reductions that also reduces ammonia slip wherein the NO.sub.x containing gas to be treated is upstream of a cyclone separator. The reduction in ammonia slip is accomplished by injecting the ammonia through the outside wall of the cyclone inlet duct.

Abstract: A catalyst composition has an upstream stage and a downstream stage, the upstream stage containing a catalytic material which is different from the catalytic material contained on the downstream stage and is characterized by having a low ignition temperature, e.g., 350.degree. C. to less than 400.degree. C. for the substantially simultaneous conversion of HC, CO and NO.sub.x pollutants contained in, e.g., the exhaust of an automobile engine operating at a substantially stoichiometric air-to-fuel weight ratio. The downstream catalytic material is characterized by having a higher conversion efficiency for substantially simultaneous conversion of HC, CO and NO.sub.x than the upstream catalytic material at elevated operation temperatures which may be, for example, from about 400.degree. to 800.degree. C. The method of the invention includes passing a gaseous exhaust stream containing HC, CO and NO.sub.x pollutants sequentially through first the upstream and then through the downstream catalytic materials.

Abstract: A method for removing carbonyl sulfide from fluids, particularly gases, involves contacting them with alkaline aqueous solutions containing peroxide and hindered amine. The sulfur products so formed can then be separated from the fluid. In one embodiment, gas containing carbonyl sulfide is cycled through a wet scrubber containing a solution of hydrogen peroxide and methyldiethanolamine, triethylamine, dimethylmonoethanolamine, diethylmonoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-meth-yl-1-propanol, and/or 1,8-p-menthanediaminemethyldiethanolamine at a pH of about 9 to 11, e.g., about 10. Methyldiethanolamine is preferred in one embodiment. A dispersant such as a water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight of about 500 to 100,000 may optionally be employed in the solution. Abatement of greater than 90% of the carbonyl sulfide is achieved in preferred embodiments.

Abstract: A process for cleaning a harmful gas which includes contacting a gas containing as a harmful component an alkoxide compound of the formula M(OR).sub.x, wherein M is a metallic element, OR is an alkoxy group and x is the valency of the metal, such as trimethylphosphorous, with a cleaning agent, which is an alkali metal compound such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium oxide, supported on a metallic oxide composition comprising cupric oxide and manganese dioxide, wherein the total amount of the cupric oxide and the manganese dioxide is at least 60% by weight based on the total amount of the metallic oxide, to remove the harmful component from the harmful gas. The process effectively and safely removes harmful components in gases exhausted from semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Abstract: Methods of producing fullerenes in large-macroscopic quantities inexpensively is disclosed without using solid carbon material such as graphite. In a preferred embodiment, fullerenes are formed by a hot filament CVD procedure. The fullerenes occur in the soot that forms as a by-product on the edges of the substrate holder. Mass spectrum of soot deposits shows lines corresponding to C.sub.60. From the typical concentrations of gaseous species in the diamond-growing CVD chamber, hydrocarbon species including CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.2 can be the precursors for the formation of fullerenes in the CVD chamber. A method of using fullerenes to enhance the properties of rubber composites is also described.

Abstract: The disposal of troublesome substances, especially global-warming halogenated compounds is difficult enough, but is particularly difficult when associated with particulate-forming matter, such as silane and arsine commonly encountered in waste gas streams of the semiconductor industry. The combustive destruction of the troublesome substances in such a waste gas stream is simply and successfully achieved by injecting the stream admixed with fuel gas into a combustion zone surrounded by the radiant surface of a foraminous gas burner that is separately fed fuel gas and excess air sufficient to burn all the combustibles entering the combustion zone. A simple apparatus integrates the combustion zone with a quenching zone for the combustion product stream.

Abstract: In the removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas stream by use of a liquid catalyst containing ferric ions, the ferric ions of the liquid catalyst are converted to ferrous ions. Regeneration of the ferric ions can be accomplished by bubbling air through the liquid catalyst. A significant decrease in regeneration time for transforming the ferrous ions back to the original ferric ion state can occur when a culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria is introduced to the liquid catalyst. Optimization indicates a pH range between 6.0 and 9.0, a temperature between 20.degree. C. and 45.degree. C. and a cell concentration of 12.5.times.10.sup.8 cells per liter.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of carbon monoxide rich gas comprising reacting a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a conversion catalyst to carbon monoxide rich gas, which process further comprises reacting part of the carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the gas feed exothermically to methane simultaneously with the carbon monoxide producing reaction and carrying out both reactions under adiabatic conditions, so that the exothermical methane producing reaction provides necessary heat for the endothermic carbon monoxide producing reaction.

Abstract: Methods are provided for selectively reducing the levels of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides in sewage gas to reduce or remove the odor, toxicity and corrosivity associated therewith, comprising contacting said sewage gas with a composition comprising a trisubstituted hexahydro-s-triazine.

Abstract: Di-addended and tetra-addended Buckminster fullerenes are synthesized through the use of novel organoborane intermediates. The C.sub.60, C.sub.70, or higher fullerene is reacted with a borane such as BH.sub.3 in a solvent such as toluene to form an organoborane intermediate. Reaction of the organoborane such as hydrolysis with water or alcohol results in the product di-addended and tetra-addended fullerene in up to 30% yields. Dihydrofullerenes and tetrahydrofullerenes are produced by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A Process for the conversion of N.sub.2 O to NO by heating a gas stream containing N.sub.2 O by contact with a heated heat exchange surface to a temperature of about 400.degree. to 700 degrees C., and then heating the gas to a temperature of about 850 degrees C. while the gas is not in contact with a heated heat exchange surface, and spontaneously and decomposing the N.sub.2 O and recovering NO.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for purification a gaseous organometallic compound containing impurities by bringing the compound into contact with a catalyst comprising a copper or nickel component as the essential ingredient to remove oxygen contained in the compound. The above-mentioned process is capable removal of oxygen in an organometallic compound as low as 0.1 ppm and further to a ultralow concentration of 0.01 ppm, which removal has heretofore been impossible, and thereby the production of a ultrapure organometallic compound has been made possible.

Abstract: The levels of hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfides present in gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon streams or mixtures thereof are reduced by contacting the streams with a composition comprising the reaction product of aminoethylpiperazine, an alkanolamine, an etheramine, a polyalkyleneamine, or a polyoxyalkyleneamine with a C1 to C4 aldehyde, including monoaldehydes and dialdehydes, such as ethandial. The solubility of polyamine/aldehyde reaction products is increased by the presence of an enchancing amine/aldehyde reaction product. The enhancing amines include alkanolamines, etheramines, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for substantially removing the metal carbonyl content of a gas stream, such as a stream of synthesis gas, by contacting the gas stream with lead oxide, PbO, dispersed upon a support.

Abstract: Process for the thermochemical decomposition of dinitrogen oxide to products of general formula (I)NO.sub.x (I)x representing 1 or 2, wherein dinitrogen oxide is flame-treated, then the products of general formula (I) formed are recovered.