Abstract: A lens meter is provided which includes a light source portion which emits measuring light having at least three different wavelengths; a light receiving portion which receives the measuring light which has passed through a to-be-inspected lens immersed in a liquid as a medium; an in-medium optical characteristic measuring device for measuring an optical characteristic of the lens in the medium about each wavelength, based on a deviated quantity of the measuring light detected by the light receiving portion; a refractive index calculating device for calculating a refractive index of material of the lens, based on a difference of the optical characteristic of the lens in the medium among the wavelengths; and a converting device for converting the optical characteristic of the lens in the medium into an optical characteristic of the lens in the air, based on the refractive index calculated by the refractive index calculating device.

Abstract: A test device for bodily fluids comprising a solid carrier with a bonded reagent, a light source and a light detector. Light source and light detector are positioned is such a way that the majority of the light travels within the porous body along a transmission path, which is determined by scattering or reflection of the light within the porous body, until it arrives at the exit end where the transmitted light is measured.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus includes first and second light sources which selectively emit one of first and second light beams, the first and second light beams being different in wavelength, the wavelengths of the first and second light beams being appropriate for accessing first and second optical disks respectively. A coupling lens converts a corresponding one of the first and second light beams into a collimated beam. An objective lens forms a light spot on a corresponding one of the first and second optical disks by focusing the collimated beam. A holographic optical element receives a reflection beam of the light spot from one of the first and second optical disks and provides holographic effects on the reflection beam so as to diffract the reflection beam in predetermined diffracting directions depending on the wavelength of the reflection beam.

Abstract: A non-contact method for determining the index of refraction or dielectric constant of a thin film on a substrate at a desired frequency in the GHz to THz range having a corresponding wavelength larger than the thickness of the thin film (which may be only a few microns). The method comprises impinging the desired-frequency beam in free space upon the thin film on the substrate and measuring the measured phase change and the measured field reflectance from the reflected beam for a plurality of incident angles over a range of angles that includes the Brewster's angle for the thin film. The index of refraction for the thin film is determined by applying Fresnel equations to iteratively calculate a calculated phase change and a calculated field reflectance at each of the plurality of incident angles, and selecting the index of refraction that provides the best mathematical curve fit with both the dataset of measured phase changes and the dataset of measured field reflectances for each incident angle.