Abstract: An aqueous liquid surface treatment composition having a pH value not more than 6.5 and containing phosphoric acid ions, condensed phosphoric acid ions, an oxidizing agent, and a water-soluble polymer consisting, except for end groups, of polymer units expressed by formula (I), in a weight ratio of 0.1 to 30:0.1 to 10:0.1 to 10:0.1 to 20 respectively, when brought into contact with an aluminiferous metal surface, rapidly forms on the surface a conversion coating that has good corrosion resistance and adhesion to subsequently applied organic coatings such as paint and is less easily damaged by mechanical stresses than prior art conversion coatings.

Abstract: Molten iron is prepared by (1) providing iron oxide and a carbonaceous reducing agent, (2) preparing a shaped product from the carbonaceous reducing agent and the iron oxide, (3) preparing solid reduced iron from the shaped product, wherein the solid reduced iron has a metallization of at least 60%, a specific gravity of at least 1.7, and a carbon content of at least 50% of the theoretical amount required for reducing the iron oxide remaining in the solid reduced iron, and, (4) before substantial cooling occurs, heating the solid reduced iron in an arc heating-type melting furnace at a high temperature. The molten iron can be prepared efficiently from iron ores of relatively low iron content without causing erosion of refractories, at high energy and high reduction efficiencies, and by a simple operation in a simple facility.

Abstract: A method for dissociating metal-ligand complexes in a supercritical fluid by treating the metal-ligand complex with heat and/or reducing or oxidizing agents is described. Once the metal-ligand complex is dissociated, the resulting metal and/or metal oxide form fine particles of substantially uniform size. In preferred embodiments, the solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the ligand is a .beta.-diketone such as hexafluoroacetylacetone or dibutyldiacetate. In other preferred embodiments, the metals in the metal-ligand complex are copper, silver, gold, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, tin, or mixtures thereof. In preferred embodiments, the reducing agent is hydrogen. The method provides an efficient process for dissociating metal-ligand complexes and produces easily-collected metal particles free from hydrocarbon solvent impurities. The ligand and the supercritical fluid can be regenerated to provide an economic, efficient process.

Abstract: A method for reclaiming a metallic material from a article including a non-metallic friable substrate. The method comprising crushing the article into a plurality of pieces. An acidic solution capable of dissolving the metallic material is provided dissolving the metallic material in the acidic material to form an etchant effluent. The etchant effluent is separated from the friable substrate. A precipitation agent, capable of precipitating the metallic material, is added to the etchant effluent to precipitate out the metallic material from the etchant effluent. The metallic material is then recovered.

Abstract: The invention provides an aluminum alloy sheet that has excellent formability, high coat-baking hardenability, excellent corrosion resistance, and is particularly suitable for external automobile body plates. The aluminum alloy sheet comprises: 0.9 to 1.3 wt. % of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 wt. % of Mg, 0.05 to 0.15 wt. % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.1 wt. % of Ti, with the remainder comprising Al and inevitable impurities, while limiting Fe as an impurity to 0.2 wt. % or less and Cu as an impurity to 0.1 wt. % or less. The aluminum homogenizing an aluminum ingot with the above-described composition; cooling the homogenized ingot to a temperature of 450.degree. C. or below to begin hot-rolling; finishing hot-rolling in a temperature range from 250 to 350.degree. C.; applying intermediate annealing to the hot-rolled plate; conducting cold-rolling at a draft of 70% or more; applying a solid solution treatment followed by quenching the alloy sheet and holding it at 530.degree. C. or above for 60 sec.

Abstract: A method for the chemical precipitation of metallic silver powder employs a two solution technique in which a solution of a tin salt and a solution a silver salt are mixed in the presence of an inorganic or organic acid, alumina, an anionic surfactant, and a colloid to form a precipitation solution at a temperature and pH suitable to effect the chemical precipitation of silver. Almost 80% by weight of the precipitated powder agglomerate is less than 25 .mu.m in diameter, and the individual powder particles which compose the agglomerate range in size from 0.2 to 2.0 .mu.m. In addition to the favorable size distribution, silver particles precipitated in the presence of a gelatin colloid can be used with a minimal amount of sieving so that little work hardening is imparted to the particles. The powder can be annealed at a temperature of up to 750.degree. C.

Abstract: According to the process, a heap preferably having dimensions of at least 2.5 m high and 5 m wide is constructed with chalcopyrite bearing ore. The constructed heap includes exposed sulfide mineral particles at least 25 weight % of which are chalcopyrite. The concentration of the exposed sulfide mineral particles in the heap is such that the heap includes at least 10 Kg of exposed sulfide sulfur per tonne of solids in the heap. Furthermore, at least 50% of the total copper in the heap is in the form of chalcopyrite. A substantial portion of the heap is then heated to a temperature of at least 50.degree. C. The heap is inoculated, with a culture including at least one strain of thermophilic microorganisms capable of bioleaching sulfide minerals at a temperature above 50.degree. C. A process leach solution that includes sulfuric acid and ferric iron is applied to the heap.

Abstract: An agent for treating metal ions in an aqueous solution, which comprises an anthrahydroquinone compound and a metal supported on a carbonaceous carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inoculant for the manufacture of cast iron with lamellar, compacted or spheroidal graphite. The inoculant comprises between 40 and 80% by weight of silicon, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of calcium and/or strontium and/or barium, between 0 and 10% by weight of cerium and/or lanthanum, between 0 and 5% by weight of magnesium, less than 5% by weight of aluminium, between 0 and 10% by weight of manganese and/or titanium and/or zirconium, between 0.5 and 10% by weight of oxygen in the form of one or more metal oxides, the balance being iron, said inoculant further comprising between 0,1 and 10% by weight of sulphur in the form of one or more metal sulphides. The invention further relates to a method for the production of the inoculant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for cleaning slag, created in metallurgical processes of non-ferrous metals, in an electric furnace, and particularly the method is related to a semi-continuous cleaning process. According to the novel method, the electric furnace is provided with at least two slag tapping holes, the lower of which is arranged on the same level as the tap hole in a conventional, batchwise operated furnace, and the second tap hole is located higher up, either at the height of the feed inlet or only slightly underneath it.

Abstract: A metallic surface treating solution characterized in that it is an aqueous solution at pH 0.1 to 6.5 comprising a source of at least one selected from the group consisting of Mo, W, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr, Ce, Sr, and trivalent chromium, an oxidizing substance source, and an oxyacid or oxyacid salt of phosphorus or its anhydride, a surface treating method using the treating solution, and metals thereby treated on the surface.

Abstract: A pH controlled protein removal system and method in the substantial absence of (a) enzyme and (b) a surfactantly effective amount of a surfactant is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a [polymeric] substrate with a cleaning composition therefor, which compostion is substantially free of (a) enzyme and (b) surfactantly effective amount of a surfactant, for a period of time at an alkaline pH and removing said substrate from said composition.

Abstract: This invention provides color development methods of metallic titanium used for manufacture of black titanium or titanium tinted in other chromatic colors. In one method, metallic titanium is treated with an alkali solution. It enables colored titanium rich in color variation with high efficiency, irrespective of the material configuration. The brightness of black is further reduced by conducting a nitriding process, after this process. In another method, the metallic titanium is oxidized after forming the titanium nitride film on its surface by nitriding it. Black titanium is produced with low brightness. In this way, colored titanium with various tones is produced. Moreover, the close adherence of the film with colors developed thereon is enhanced.

Abstract: A process for decarburizing a steel melt for the production of high-chromium steels by blowing in oxygen in which the decarburization rate is continuously measured and the amount of oxygen to be injected is adjusted depending on the measured values. The following controlled quantities are calculated:a) the duration of the Al--Si oxidation phase at the start of the decarburization process,b) the duration of a principle decarburization phase immediately following the Al--Si oxidation phase until the transition point from the decarburization reaction to the metal oxidation is reached, andc) the decarburization rate in the principal decarburization phase. The injected oxygen quantity is increased at an accelerated rate immediately following the Al--Si oxidation phase to the oxygen quantity of the principal decarburization phase until the decarburization rate calculated in c) is reached.

Abstract: A process for phosphating metal surfaces in which a nitrite- and nickel-free zinc-containing phosphating solution is applied to the metal surfaces which, if desired, are then rinsed and subsequently after-rinsed with an aqueous solution with a pH value of 3 to 7 which contains 0.001 to 10 g/l of one or more of the cations of Li, Cu and Ag.

Abstract: A process of producing an aluminum alloy sheet article of high yield strength and ductility suitable, in particular, for use in manufacturing automotive panels. The process comprises casting a non heat-treatable aluminum alloy to form a cast slab, and subjecting said cast slab to a series of rolling steps to produce a sheet article of final gauge, preferably followed by annealing to cause recrystallization. The rolling steps involve hot and warm rolling the slab to form an intermediate sheet article of intermediate gauge, cooling the intermediate sheet article, and then warm and cold rolling the cooled intermediate sheet to final gauge at a temperature in the range of ambient temperature to 340.degree. C. to form said sheet article. The series of rolling steps is carried out continuously without intermediate coiling or full annealing of the intermediate sheet article. The invention also relates to the alloy sheet article produced by the process.

Abstract: A method of treating dust exhausted from a melting furnace in melting an iron-contained material, comprising the steps of: melting the iron-contained material, with air inside the melting furnace shut out from outside air and collecting the dust from the melting furnace into which a gas exhausted from the melting furnace and containing the dust is introduced; performing a lead-collecting process of collecting water, chloride, fluorine, and lead by heating the exhausted dust in vacuum; and performing a zinc-collecting process of collecting metallic zinc contained in the dust by heating a residue of the exhausted dust in vacuum.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing metals and metal alloys from metal oxides in a metallurgical vessel containing a molten bath having a metal layer and a slag layer is disclosed. The method is characterized by injecting a carrier gas and a solid carbonaceous material and/or metal oxides into the molten bath from a side of the vessel that is in contact with the molten bath or from above the molten bath so that the solids penetrate the molten bath and cause molten metal to be projected into the gas space above the molten bath to form a transition zone. The method is also characterized by injecting an oxygen-containing gas into the gas space to post-combust reaction gases released from the molten bath into the transition zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing waste that contains contaminants. The contaminants may be metals modified by carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur. The waste in the form of a powder is mixed with an ionic reducing agent in an inert liquid medium. The mixture is melted to give a first liquid phase and a second metal phase. The two phases are separated and solidified to enable disposal or temporary storage of the first liquid phase and to enable recycling of the second metal phase. The method is useful for inerting or reclaiming waste containing metal contaminants.

Abstract: Fine aluminum powders are prepared by decomposing alane-adducts in organic olvents under an inert atmosphere to provide highly uniform particles and believed particularly effective as fuels and additives, in pyrotechnics, and in energetic materials. Effective adduct species are trialkyl amines and tetramethylethylenediamine, ethers and other aromatic amines. Effective production is obtained at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures as low as 50.degree. C. with xylene solvent. Toluene, dioxane, and tetramethylethylenediamine were also effective solvents. Aliphatic solvents and other aromatic and polar solvents are believed effective. Titanium catalyst was provided as a halide, amide, and alkoxide; and it is believed that the corresponding compounds of zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, and tantalum are effective as catalysts. Particle size was controlled by varying catalyst concentration and by varying the concentration of an adducting species.