Abstract: Apparatus for measuring progressively the absorbance changes of a large number of aliquots from a plurality of different samples. The sample introduction, testing instructions, aliquot preparation, reagent dispensing, absorbance measuring and data recording all can be accomplished in a continuous mode of processing. Stat and batch operation also can be accomplished. The aliquots are in an array of cuvettes which is advanced slowly along a circular path. Photometer means, preferably having several photometric detectors, are mounted in fixed orientation on a common support that advances rapidly along a similar circular path, such that radiation passing through each of the cuvettes is monitored many times by a specific photometric detector by the time that that cuvette completes one circuit of its path. The photometric detectors can operate at several different wavelengths. Many different chemical reactions can be monitored at the same time.

Abstract: A quantitative analysis system is provided wherein a sample is decomposed in a decomposition chamber, the reaction product mixture is passed to a first chromatographic zone wherein a first separation of the reaction mixture is carried out, the last major component eluting from the first chromatographic zone is measured and then vented, the first major components eluting from the first chromatographic zone are passed to a second chromatographic zone and the products eluting therefrom are measured. Alternatively, the first major component eluting from the second chromatographic zone can be passed to a third chromatographic zone for greater resolution, followed by measurement thereof, in which case the second major component eluting from the second chromatographic zone is vented.A method is provided for the analysis for C, H and N by gas chromatography. A method is also provided for the analysis for oxygen, alone, and for oxygen and sulfur by gas chromatography.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring progressively the absorbance changes of a large number of aliquots from a plurality of different samples. The sample introduction, testing instructions, aliquot preparation, reagent dispensing, absorbance measuring and data recording all can be accomplished in a continuous mode of processing. Stat and batch operation also can be accomplished. The aliquots are in an array of cuvettes which is advanced slowly along a circular path. Photometer means, preferably having several photometric detectors, are mounted in fixed orientation on a common support that advances rapidly along a similar circular path, such that radiation passing through each of the cuvettes is monitored many times by a specific photometric detector by the time that that cuvette completes one circuit of its path. The photometric detectors can operate at several different wavelengths. Many different chemical reactions can be monitored at the same time.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring progressively the absorbance changes of a large number of aliquots from a plurality of different samples. The sample introduction, testing instructions, aliquot preparation, reagent dispensing, absorbance measuring and data recording all can be accomplished in a continuous mode of processing. Stat and batch operation also can be accomplished. The aliquots are in an array of cuvettes which is advanced slowly along a circular path. Photometer means, preferably having several photometric detectors, are mounted in fixed orientation on a common support that advances rapidly along a similar circular path, such that radiation passing through each of the cuvettes is monitored many times by a specific photometric detector by the time that that cuvette completes one circuit of its path. The photometric detectors can operate at several different wavelengths. Many different chemical reactions can be monitored at the same time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining an electrical signal which is a function of the 0.sub.2 content of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Two resistors (1 and 3) are exposed to the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Both resistors (1 and 3) have a resistance which varies as a function of the temperature of the exhaust gas to which it is exposed. However, the resistance of one of the resistors (1) also varies as a function of the oxygen content in the exhaust gas. Therefore, by applying a voltage to the resistors an electrical signal can be obtained which is a function of the O.sub.2 content of the exhaust gas, with the temperature effect of the exhaust gas on the network output being minimized or eliminated. The resistors (1 and 3) that form the sensing elements (10) are connected in series to other resistors to form a first and second resistor network which is connected together in parallel circuit relationship.

Abstract: An electrochemical measuring system which effects, measures and sorts charge transfer reactions of selected substances in a sample solution is provided. The system includes a novel electrode which is adapted to measure simultaneously on at least two electrodes at least two electolytic potentials with reference to a reference potential. In a preferred form the electrode comprises a hollow, cylindrical body formed of an electrically insulating material. The electrode is open at least at one end and has a generally smooth cylindrical inner surface. A plurality of electrically discrete active electrode segments are mounted on the inner surface of the electrode with their active surfaces substantially flush with the generally smooth cylindrical inner surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multichannel system for the handling of immobilized biologically active substance, in which several test tubes are filled with at least one reaction liquid. The automated handling of a large number of samples in the shortest possible time is made possible by this system.

Abstract: A refining unit treats light sweet charge oil with an N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining tower to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the refining tower. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a sulfur analyzer, and viscosity analyzers; all analyzing the light sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the light sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the light sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: A reactor for preparing and analyzing fluids comprising means for taking a determined dose of a sample and transferring it in an air-tight chamber, means for taking, if necessary, a determined dose of a diluent and transferring it in the same chamber, means for taking at least one determined dose of a reagent and for transferring it in the same chamber, means for mixing the sample with the reagent or the reagents together with a diluent (if necessary) out of contact with the atmosphere, as well as means for transferring the obtained mixture of solutions to any system for detecting the result or for transferring part of said mixture to another reactor or to another use device.

Abstract: The heat supplied to a cracking furnace is controlled in response to a calculation of the heat required to maintain a desired conversion rate for the material being cracked in the cracking furnace. The calculated required heat for the cracking furnace is corrected by a comparison of the actual conversion rate to a desired conversion rate. The corrected required heat signal is utilized to manipulate the flow of fuel to the cracking furnace to thereby control the heat supplied to the cracking furnace.The flow of steam to the cracking furnace is also manipulated so as to prevent damage to the cracking furnace caused by a loss of feed flow to the cracking furnace. A loss in the flow of the feed to the cracking furnace is detected and the flow of the steam is increased to compensate for the loss in the flow of the feed to the cracking furnace so as to prevent damage to the cracking tubes of the cracking furnace.

Abstract: A device, method of making the device and method for determining a constituent in a sample by production of luminescence are disclosed. More particularly, there is provided a test device for determining an analyte in a sample comprising unitary solid carrier means incorporated with a first reagent system responsive to the presence of said analyte to produce a reaction product and a second reagent system responsive to the presence of said reaction product to produce luminescence. The test device can further comprise a photoresponsive layer physically associated with said carrier means and responsive to light produced by the chemiluminescent system.

Abstract: A carbon black reactor includes a housing which has a refractory lining defining an elongate chamber. The chamber is comprised of a plurality of compartments which include a combustion compartment, a reaction compartment and a quench compartment. An inlet means opens into the combustion compartment and is operable for introducing hot combustion gases into the combustion compartment. Another inlet means opens into the chamber and is operable for introducing a feedstock hydrocarbon into the chamber. Quench liquid inlet means opens into the quench compartment and is operable for introducing quench liquid into the quench compartment. The quench inlet means includes a plurality of tubular members extending into the quench compartment, each having spaced apart discharge openings along the length thereof.

Abstract: An MP refining unit treats medium sweet charge oil with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent, hereafter referred to as MP, in a refining extractor to yield raffinate and extract mix. The MP is recovered from the raffinate and from the extract mix and returned to the extractor. A system controlling the refining unit includes a gravity analyzer, a refractometer and viscosity analyzer, all analyzing the medium sweet charge oil and providing corresponding signals, sensors sense the flow rates of the charge oil and the MP flowing into the refining tower and the temperature of the extract mix and provide corresponding signals. One of the flow rates of the medium sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is controlled in accordance with the signals from all the analyzers and all the sensors, while the other flow rate of the medium sweet charge oil and the MP flow rates is constant.

Abstract: Apparatus for the determination of bond forms of gases, such as a sample containing oxygen or nitrogen in solid or liquid small metal samples (e.g. from 0.8 to 1.2 g).The apparatus includes a furnace to heat the sample to a temperature of about 3000.degree. C. maximum in less than five minutes, a control device to control the rate at a value between 20.degree. C./sec and 350.degree. C.

Abstract: In a spectrophotometric measuring apparatus sample liquid is pumped into a substantially cylindrical cuvette having an internal dimension such that a meniscus of a leading edge of a liquid sample pumped therethrough is maintained. Radiant energy directed through the sample liquid is directed across the path of fluid flow rather than along the length thereof. Consequently, spectrophotometric measurement is performed using a significantly reduced optical pathlength.

Abstract: An improved recording device is described, useful for measuring the integrated time-temperature or integrated radiation-dosage history of an article, comprising a substrate onto which an acetylenic compound, containing at least two conjugated C.tbd.C groups, in an inactive form, is deposited. The inactive form is capable of being converted by melt or solvent recrystallization to an active form, which undergoes 1,4-addition polymerization resulting in an irreversible, progressive color change. The color change produced at any given point in time represents an integrated time-temperature history of thermal annealing or integrated radiation-dosage history of exposure to actinic radiation to which an article has been exposed.Also described is a process for producing an inactive form of the acetylenic compound. A film and a fiber, made from the inactive form of an acetylenic compound are also described.

Abstract: A fluid test sample apparatus has a plurality of fluid test cells arranged on the periphery of a motor driven test cell tray. The fluids to be tested and respective reagents are introduced separately into corresponding test cells and are subsequently mixed in a reaction chamber for subsequent analysis by viewing the end product on the reaction through transparent walls of the reaction cell. The fluid samples and reagents are stored in separate radially displaced adjacent chambers and are mixed by a centrifugal force exerted thereon to force the fluids through the interconnecting internal passages in the tray into the reaction cell.

Abstract: Method and device for continuous flow-through analysis with a non-segmented laminar carrier flow, to which reagents are added at programmable intervals. The programming can be done by switching in various loops with valves, interchangeable connections or by composing the apparatus of different prefabricated modules to produce the desired reaction conditions.

Abstract: A method of the quantitative measurement of antigens and antibodies by reacting antibody- or antigen-sensitized insoluble carrier particles with a corresponding antigen or antibody or a mixture thereof in a sample, irradiating the reaction mixture with light of a specific wavelength to measure the transmitted light at two or more points of time as the reaction proceeds, and then evaluating an increase in absorbance or percent absorption of the reaction mixture for a given period of time, and an apparatus for use therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing tests and measurements on liquid samples comprises three identical juxtaposed stationary trays each provided with a plurality of receptacles for the samples to be examined. The receptacles are integrally molded in the trays. The receptacles of the first tray serve as storage vessels for the samples, and the receptacles of the two other trays serve as processing vessels. Three stations arranged above the trays and displaceable with respect to the same in a horizontal plane serve for transferring the samples from the first tray to the second and the third tray, for adding reagents and for discharging the reaction products from the receptacles of the second and the third tray. Each of the stations comprises a carriage displaceable over the trays in an X-direction and a hollow needle for injecting and removing liquids supported by the carriage and displaceable with respect to the same in an Y-direction perpendicular to the X-direction.