Abstract: A stage apparatus of the invention comprises: a holder for holding a substrate, and a position detection device for detecting a position of the substrate, based on reflected light from a mobile mirror provided at a predetermined positional relationship with the holder. The holder and a base material of the mobile mirror consist of ceramics having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1×10−6/° C. or less. With such an apparatus, costs related to temperature control can be reduced.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the amount of unexposed photographic film remaining in a motion camera film magazine that includes the steps of: providing an unexposed motion picture film containing a support having at least one light sensitive image recording layer and a transparent magnetic recording layer; recording film length data on the transparent magnetic recording layer of the unexposed motion picture film; loading the unexposed motion picture film in a motion picture film magazine; and reading the film length data from the transparent magnetic recording layer as it is removed from the film supply magazine to provide an indication of the amount of unexposed film remaining in the motion picture film magazine. The amount of unexposed film remaining may be displayed in a read-out device associated with the film magazine or camera.

Abstract: A display device, such as a reflecting type liquid crystal projector, in which dust is prevented from becoming attached to a reflecting type light valve, such as a liquid crystal panel, and an improvement in cooling effect are attained. The device has a structure having a partition wall for forming an enclosed space including at least an incidence/emission optical system of the reflecting type light valve. The reflecting type light valve is provided in the partition wall such that a light incidence/emission surface of the light valve faces into the side of the enclosed space. A part opposite to the light incidence/emission surface of the reflecting type light valve faces outside the enclosed space. In a structure where a cooling arrangement or a thermal conductive partition wall is connected to the part opposite to the light incidence emission surface, the cooling effect is further improved.

Abstract: An image display apparatus including a metal outer housing for which a filling process in a thixotropic forming method has been improved. On a reference surface of an upper housing composing the outer housing of a projection display apparatus, there are formed convex sections, and a supporting rib, the foregoing convex sections extending in the direction where a semimolten metal flows, and the foregoing supporting rib intersecting with the foregoing convex sections. Furthermore, protrusions are formed protruding from the reference surface, and flowing ribs are independently formed on base sections of the protrusions. These convex sections, supporting rib, and flowing ribs are formed in the upper housing for guiding the semimolten metal in the thixotropic forming method, and thereby ensuring filling characteristics of the semimolten metal into individual molds.

Abstract: A projection display device permits extension of a space for mounting an electronic component on a control circuit substrate. The projection display device includes a control circuit substrate on which a control circuit is mounted for controlling driving of each of apparatuses in the device according to the input operation signal from an external light receiving unit; and a signal transmission circuit comprising a light emitting element and a light receiving element and provided in a conduction passage on the circuit substrate. The control circuit substrate includes a first circuit substrate on which the control circuit is mounted, and a second circuit substrate provided opposite to the first circuit substrate, and to which the operation signal is input from the external light receiving unit. The light receiving element and the light emitting element are provided on the first circuit substrate and the second circuit substrate, respectively.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for dynamically adjusting the exposure dose on a photosensitive coating at a localized area within an exposure field in a step-and-scan lithography system. The process and apparatus form a pattern on a photosensitive substrate, such as used in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry. The exposure dose is adjusted at a localized area by a segmented slit system or an array of light-transmitting pixels located across the exposure field. The slit segments or individual pixels are automatically controlled in response to data obtained regarding the uniformity of the projection optics system or the mask pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photographic copier apparatus for projecting a photographic original onto a light sensitive copy material. The photographic copier has the following: (a) a light source for emitting light for the projection, (b) a number of optical, light guiding elements for guiding the light along a light path from the light source to the copy material as well as for the projecting of the original onto the light sensitive copy material, and (c) a liquid crystal matrix through which the light is guided by way of the light guiding elements, before it exposes the copy material. According to the present invention, the liquid crystal matrix has a plurality of elements, the transmission of which can be individually changed. The change in transmission of each element of the liquid crystal matrix is achieved by scattering of the light passing through the element, whereby the degree of the scattering is controllable by application of a voltage.

Abstract: A collapsible zoetrope having a base and a side wall. The zoetrope is held erect by hinged junctures and mutually engageable tabs and slots between the base and the side wall.