Abstract: Regarding a reflected light from any line portion, which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the alignment mark 11, on the alignment mark 11, the cylindrical lens 33 functions merely as a glass plate, while the cylindrical lens 34 converges the light onto a pixel on the line sensor 35a, performing optical integration and simplifying image processing. Regarding a reflected light from any line portion, which is parallel to the lateral direction of the alignment mark 11, on the alignment mark 11, the cylindrical lens 34 functions merely as a glass plate, while the cylindrical lens 33 magnifies and forms a line image on the line sensor 35a along the pixel row of that. A toroidal lens can be used in place of the cylindrical lenses 33 and 34.

Abstract: An optical transducer is provided that has a flexible transducer member having a set of grooves in one of its major surfaces. Flexure of the transducer member produces a strain pattern that extends across an optical waveguide in the member. This strain pattern has a pitch that will diffract light of a suitable wavelength propagating in the optical waveguide.

Abstract: An indicator device which has two sealed chambers which are formed by at least one carrier member interposed between a pair of glass plate members to provide a tandem arrangement in the direction of travel of light in the device, characterized by at least one of the chambers containing a liquid crystal layer and being provided with transparent conductive material on the walls thereof to form a liquid crystal cell. In one embodiment, each conductive layer of each cell is separated in two parts by a continuous interruption in the layer so by selectively applying voltage to different parts, at least four different symbols or shapes can be indicated. In a second embodiment, the conductive layers of each cell are arranged as a segment electrode pattern with the segment being subdivided into partial segments with one partial segment being in one cell and the remaining partial segment in the second cell to enable determining errors in actuation of various segments during an indication.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns optical waveguides of arcuate structure fabricated by selective liquid phase epitaxy. In integrated optical circuits requiring complex processing, it will be necessary to utilize at relatively low light losses bends, curves, and dividers in the waveguide section. The arcuate optical waveguides described herein have a region of higher index of refraction surrounded by lower effective index media to confine and propagate light between active components of an integrated optical circuit. Optical waveguides extending around bends are grown by selective liquid phase epitaxy employing a horizontal graphite boat with sliding compartments, wherein multiple layers of Ga.sub.1-x Al.sub.x As(0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.3) are grown. For a relatively low radius of curvature where r.sub.c = 10 mils, the angle is dominated by a sharp facet, with the faceting slowly decreasing as the radius of curvature increases, until at r.sub.

Abstract: The transmission members of a communications cable are effectively rearranged in their relative locations within a cable core of predetermined end array configuration, by assigning all defective members to a designated small area of the end configuration. As a result, when gang type connectors are applied at the cable core ends preparatory to straight-through splicing, the defective members are all relegated to a designated, fixed end region of the connector. When several such cables are spliced together, the defective members occasion a minimum of transmission path disabling, because they are largely connected to each other instead of being distributed throughout the entire cable cross section where their potential disabling impact would be proliferated. The approach is particularly advantageous for mitigating transmission path disabling in optical fiber cables in which the core consists of several stacked multi-fiber ribbons.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel for indicating operating frequency of a receiver is operated by a circuit providing digital control signals and an alternating current signal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal guest-host display device includes a dye dissolved in the liquid crystal material. The invention is characterized in that the dye comprises three colored dye compounds mixed together to provide gray in the absence of an applied electric field. The compounds may be Sudan Black, Sudan Red and .beta.-carotene. The liquid crystal material preferably includes at least one 4'-alkyl- or -alkoxy-4'-cyanobiphenyl compound.

Abstract: A particle study device wherein a non-diluted specific minute amount of fluid sample containing particles is ejected by an ejecting mechanism into a flow stream leading to a sensing zone in the particle study device. The ejecting mechanism includes a hollow body having a thermal expansion device mounted therein. The temperature of the thermal expansion device is monitored and stored. The device operation then is initiated and power is supplied to the thermal expansion device to raise its temperature and cause it to expand thereby to eject from the hollow body a fluid sample. The temperature rise of the thermal expansion device is monitored and when a predetermined temperature rise has occurred indicating ejection of a specific amount of fluid sample, the power supplied to the thermal expansion device is terminated thus terminating further temperature rise and expansion.

Abstract: Operation between a beam switch which directs light to a photoelectric detector and a gating means for directing signals from the photoelectric detector to separate storage channels is synchronized by generating a marker pulse within a sequence of clock pulses which correspond to the positions of the beam switch. Signals from the separate storage channels are directed to an analyzing means in a predetermined sequence by the gating means and sequencing within the analyzing means is also accomplished thereby. Furthermore, comparative analysis between signals corresponding with two positions of the beam switch is provided at the input to and/or the output from the separate storage channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the rotational speed of an engine, using electrical pulses produced with revolving parts of the engine, including the use of a number of series of transducers or pickups producing numbers of asynchronous pulses, different for each series during each revolution of the engine, the transducers corresponding to as many series of detection elements comprising teeth and/or bosses spaced on the periphery of corresponding revolving parts of the engine, such that if n is the number of detection elements of a largest series giving the highest pulse frequency for a corresponding transducer due to engine revolution, and q is the total number of transducers associated with another series of detection elements, then the angular location of said another series of detection elements is obtained to the nearest 360.degree./qn.

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystalline composition having positive dielectric anisotropy is provided in the homeotropic texture by contact with a layer of an electrically insulating polysiloxane elastomer. An electrical field is then applied parallel to the molecular axes of the nematic resulting in reorientation of the nematic molecules.

Abstract: A cell for measuring the electrical resistivity of a liquid contains four aligned and linearly spaced electrodes. A current source is connected to the end electrodes and an amplifier is connected directly to the inner electrodes. The amplifier has a high input impedance characteristic sufficient to limit the current carried by the inner electrodes to a small value which renders it essentially independent of any fouling of the inner electrodes. The amplifier is connected to the current source to control the current output thereof so as to maintain a constant predetermined voltage drop across the inner electrodes whereby the output of the amplifier is independent of any IR drop due to the fouling of the outer electrodes. A reference and a measuring cell may each be connected as above with the high input impedance amplifier of the measuring cell controlling the current sources for both cells and the corresponding amplifier of the reference cell driving a suitable output indicator.

Abstract: A device for testing the logic states of integrated circuits while operating in-circuit. The device includes a hand-held housing containing a pair of spaced circuit boards to which a clip is electrically coupled, the clip having terminals for making electrical contact with the pins on a test IC. The device has a circuit programmed for a particular IC by a socket having removable pins of different lengths. The socket has means for receiving a reference IC against which the test IC is to be compared. Switch means coupled with the circuit permit individual testing of the pins of the test IC.

Abstract: A kilovoltmeter capable of indicating potentials in the kilovolt range is disclosed. The device is based on the phenomenon of electroosmosis engendered by a strong electric field.

Abstract: A portable electric tester energized by a self-contained battery including switch means and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) device for testing capacitors upon visual interpretation of the luminosity of the Light Emitting Diode.