Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating molecules comprises placing different kinds of molecular species onto a probe; and introducing an electric field between the probe and a surface in proximity with the probe so that the different kinds of molecular species may be separated, wherein the different kinds of molecular species have differing mobilities, and wherein the different kinds of molecular species may be separated according to their differing mobilities, such that molecular species that have different mobilities migrate along the probe at different speeds towards the surface. The molecular species may comprise molecules. Alternatively, the molecular species may comprise molecular assemblies, wherein the molecular assemblies may comprise at least one of cells, bacteria, and viruses.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of multiplexed analysis of oligonucleotides in a sample, including: methods of probe and target “engineering”, as well as methods of assay signal analysis relating to the modulation of the probe-target affinity constant, K by a variety of factors including the elastic properties of target strands and layers of immobilized (“grafted”) probes; and assay methodologies relating to: the tuning of assay signal intensities including dynamic range compression and on-chip signal amplification; the combination of hybridization-mediated and elongation-mediated detection for the quantitative determination of abundance of messages displaying a high degree of sequence similarity, including, for example, the simultaneous determination of the relative expression levels, and identification of the specific class of, untranslated AU-rich subsequences located near the 3? terminus of mRNA; and a new method of subtractive differential gene expression analysis which requires only a single color label.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of reading, detecting or quantifying at least one biological reaction, on a support, between either a recognition molecule and a labeled target molecule or between a target molecule and a labeled detection molecule. The inventive method comprises treating the support under physicochemical conditions that allow the following: either the separation of the recognition molecule and the labeled target molecule or the separation of the target molecule and the labeled detection molecule. The inventive method further comprises producing images before and after the physicochemical treatment that can be used to determine the specific and non-specific bindings between the different molecules. The invention also relates to hybrids and complexes used in the inventive method and to a biochip containing the same which is used to carry out the inventive method. The invention is particularly suitable for use in the field of diagnosis.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide probes and primers for detecting beer-spoilage lactic acid bacteria with accuracy. The probes and primers for detecting beer-spoilage lactic acid bacteria according to the present invention each comprises a nucleotide sequence consisting of at least 15 nucleotides that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or the complementary sequence thereof.

Abstract: In the examination of obesity or leanness, the examination is based on the expression level of the MCP-1 gene or the MCP-1 protein in a tissue or cell analyte, or on the polymorphism in the gene. In the evaluation of compounds, including screening for therapeutic agents for obesity or leanness, the properties of the MCP-1 gene or the MCP-1 protein are utilized to carry out the evaluation.

Abstract: Nucleotide sequences specific to Brucella that serves as a marker or signature for identification of this bacterium were identified. In addition, forward and reverse primers and hybridization probes derived from these nucleotide sequences that are used in nucleotide detection methods to detect the presence of the bacterium are disclosed.

Abstract: Using an undifferentiated mouse CL6 cell line, DMSO was added to induce its differentiation into cardiac muscular cells in order to obtain gene fragments whose expression elevated upon the induction. The isolated gene had zinc finger domains and showed a significant homology to the Sp1 family genes. Furthermore, a human gene corresponding to this mouse gene was isolated. The protein encoded by this gene existed in the nucleus and bonded to a GC-box. The protein was revealed to repress the transcription regulatory activity of the CMV promoter and thus serves as a transcription factor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of genotyping bovine for improved milk production traits by determining the GHR genotypic state of said bovine, wherein the GHR gene and polymorphisms within said gene have been found to be associated with such improved milk production traits.

Abstract: This invention relates to isolated nucleic acids comprising genes of human chromosome 12q23-qter and the proteins encoded by these genes. Expression vectors and host cells containing such genes or fragments thereof, as well as antibodies to the proteins encoded by these nucleic acids are also included herein.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides methods of determining susceptibility to bone fracture in a mammalian subject, wherein the methods comprise analyzing nucleic acid molecules obtained from the mammalian subject to determine which of the P, p X, and x alleles of the estrogen receptor ? gene are present, wherein the presence of a haplotype comprising the p and x alleles is indicative of an increased susceptibility to bone fracture. The present invention also provides kits for determining susceptibility to bone fracture in a mammalian subject.

Abstract: There is provided a method of designing a probe from a polynucleotide group comprising a plurality of polynucleotides, the method including: forming a polynucleotide group by selecting polynucleotides having a certain sequence; producing polynucleotide fragments having a certain length from each of the polynucleotides of the polynucleotide group and obtaining sequence and position information on the polynucleotide fragments; providing each polynucleotide fragment with a sequence specific identification number using the obtained sequence and position information of the polynucleotide fragments; and comparing the identification numbers of the fragments to select the probe.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a nucleic acid fragment-fixed electrode wherein a probe nucleic acid fragment is fixed on the electrode stably and in an amount-controlled manner. The present invention provides a nucleic acid fragment-fixed electrode wherein a nucleic acid fragment is fixed on the surface of a multi-component self-assembled monolayer of two or more different components which is formed on the electrode, by a covalent bond via a bifunctional linking molecule.

Abstract: The invention provides nucleic acid sequences which are complementary, in one embodiment, to a wide variety of Rat genes. The invention provides the sequences in such a way as to make them available for a variety of analyses. In one embodiment the nucleic acid sequences provided are present as an array of probes that may be used to measure gene expression of at least 20,000 rat genes. As such, the invention relates to diverse fields impacted by the nature of molecular interaction, including chemistry, biology, medicine, and medical diagnostics.

Abstract: Nucleic acid hybridization under steady-state conditions is described by a kinetic model in which the intermediate state is assumed to be locally single stranded. An expression was derived that relates nucleic acid secondary structure to the rate of oligonucleotide-RNA hybridization. The model allows the calculation of a rate factor that is proportional to the rate constant for hybridization between complementary nucleic acids and is generally applicable to any RNA molecule with potential utility for rapid identification of sites for antisense attack of mRNA.

Abstract: The instant invention involves the use of a combination of preparatory steps in conjunction with mass spectroscopy and time-of-flight detection procedures to maximize the diversity of biopolymers which are verifiable within a particular sample. The cohort of biopolymers verified within such a sample is then viewed with reference to their ability to evidence at least one particular disease state; thereby enabling a diagnostician to gain the ability to characterize either the presence or absence of at least one disease state relative to recognition of the presence and/or the absence of the biopolymer.

Abstract: Fixed bond information is derived. A fixed bond representation of a chemical structure is derived from a delocalized representation. A path is conceptually traced through the represented structure and an examination is conducted, for each atom, of each possible electronic and bonding state that is consistent with what has come before along the path. A result is found by extensively or exhaustively examining all possible states and orders in a semi-recursive procedure that is directed early towards likely answers. If there is more than one possible solution, the best solution is chosen by use of a rating function.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for extracting similar expression patterns and related biopolymers considering natures that are characteristic of expression data of, for example, genes. A segment of experiment cases which includes an expression of interest is selected as a search range among an expression pattern of a reference gene or the like. By comparing the selected segment of the expression pattern with expression patterns of a group of candidate genes or the like, genes having an expression pattern with at least a partial similarity are searched from the group of candidate genes. A partially taken out curve (a part of an, expression pattern) is transferred to overlap an expression pattern curve of a candidate gene to search expression patterns with a similar pattern shape.

Abstract: Bacteria that are capable of ammonia oxidation. Particular bacteria of the present invention are tolerant of freshwater environments, saltwater environments or both. Furthermore, in various embodiments, various bacteria of the present invention are capable of surviving a freeze-drying process, and may remain viable thereafter. Methods for detecting the bacteria of the present invention are also provided. Such methods may be effected by any conventional methology, such as with a DNA chip.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to polynucleotides derived from M. tuberculosis genes imparting resistance to antibiotics and chemically related compounds. This invention also relates to the use of the polynucleotides as oligonucleotide primers or probes for detecting M. tuberculosis strains that are resistant to antibiotics and related compounds in a biological sample. Kits containing the primers and probes are also provided.

Abstract: A thermal cycling method and device is disclosed. The device comprises a sample chamber whose temperature can be rapidly and accurately modulated over a range of temperatures needed to carry out a number of biological procedures, such a DNA polymerase chain reaction. Biological samples are placed in glass micro capillary tubes and then located inside the sample chamber. A programmable controller regulates the temperature of the sample inside the sample chamber. Once a heating cycle is completed, the controller opens a door to the chamber for venting hot air out and cool ambient air is moved in. Temperature versus time profiles corresponding to optimum denaturation, annealing and elongation temperatures for amplification of DNA are achieved by the present invention.