Abstract: An engine, having an intake passage, a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage, and a fuel injector arranged in the intake passage for injecting fuel into the intake passage, comprises an air-flow control valve arranged in the intake passage between the fuel injector and the throttle valve. The air-flow control valve is controlled to close during the engine starting operation, and to open after the engine starting operation completes. The air-flow control valve has a valve element having an axis about which the element is rotatable when the valve is opened or closed. The rotational direction of the valve element is selected so that air flowing through the valve is guided by the valve toward the fuel injector when the air-flow control valve is controlled to an intermediate open position which is between the closed position and the full open position.

Abstract: A fuel metering control system for an internal combustion engine including a feedback loop having an adaptive controller and an adaptation mechanism that estimates a controller parameters .theta.. The adaptive controller corrects the quantity of fuel injection to bring a controlled variable obtained at least based on an output of said air/fuel ratio sensor, to a desired value. The adaptation mechanism is input with the controlled variable once per prescribed crank angle such as TDC of a certain cylinder and estimates the controller parameters (vector). The adaptive controller is therefore operated to synchronize with every prescribed crank angle, e.g., every TDC of all cylinders of the internal combustion engine. With the arrangement, the system enables adaptive control of a commercially practical internal combustion engine without degrading control performance.

Abstract: An ignition circuit is formed in one chip comprising an insulated gate bipolar transistor for controlling the flow of a primary current, a current limiting circuit for limiting the current flowing into the transistor, and a thermal shut-off circuit capable of forcibly shutting off the primary current in case of trouble. In the ignition circuit, a power supply GND terminal and an ignition control signal positive terminal are divided.

Abstract: A hand lever device is disclosed for adjusting the degree of openness of a throttle valve via a cable and kept at a desired opening degree and yet immediately returned to a minimum degree of opening to ensure high safety, thereby diminishing fatigue of fingers, and ensuring a desired level of operation. The hand lever device comprises a main lever (3) and a sub-lever (50) is attached to a wind-up tractive member (60) which draws a cable (20) connected to a throttle valve (CV) in such a manner that one end portion of the cable (20) is wound up thereon, and a torsion coil spring (42) is used as a brake operated by the main lever (30) for braking the wind-up tractive member (60) in order to hold the sub-lever (50) immobilized at any pivotally operated position.

Abstract: A diesel engine having an auxiliary combustion chamber which includes a cylindrical auxiliary combustion chamber, which is vertically formed in the center part of the cylinder head so as to be able to communicate with a main combustion chamber; a fuel injection device, mounted above the auxiliary combustion chamber of the cylinder head and which injects fuel into the auxiliary combustion chamber; and a piston, having a protrusion part, protruding to a fixed height in the center and upper part of the piston and of slightly tapered shape so that a communicating hole of the auxiliary combustion chamber, which communicates with the main combustion chasmber, can be opened and closed.

Abstract: A once-through steam generator includes tubes together forming combustion chamber walls and carrying fossil fuel burners. The tubes are frequently provided on their inner surfaces with fins forming a multiple thread and are connected parallel to one another for conducting a coolant flow. According to the invention, the internal tube diameter is a function of a quotient, and points determined by pairs of values of the internal tube diameter and of the quotient lie in a coordinate system between a curve and a straight line. A summated mass throughput of all of the tubes at 100% steam output divided by the circumference of the gas flue in a horizontal section through the combustion chamber is used to form the quotient, and four defined points then lie on the curve which has a steady ascending slope. Application of this configuration is advantageously possible even for once-through steam generators having nominal outputs down to far below 500 MW.

Abstract: An engine, having an intake passage, a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage, and a fuel injector arranged in the intake passage for injecting fuel into the intake passage, comprises an air-flow control valve arranged in the intake passage between the fuel injector and the throttle valve. The air-flow control valve is controlled to close during the engine starting operation, and to open after the engine starting operation completes. The air-flow control valve has a valve element having an axis about which the element is rotatable when the valve is opened or closed. The rotational direction of the valve element is selected so that air flowing through the valve is guided by the valve toward the fuel injector when the air-flow control valve is controlled to an intermediate open position which is between the closed position and the full open position.

Abstract: An engine idling speed control apparatus for controlling the amount of air supplied to the engine and the timing of the sparks supplied to the engine to cause the engine idling speed to follow a target engine idling speed value. In response to a demand for application of a load to the engine, the magnitude of the load to be applied to the engine and the time at which the load is applied to the engine are predicted. After the load application demand is detected, the amount of air supplied to the engine is increased and the spark timing is corrected to produce an engine output condition causing the engine speed to follow the target engine speed value with the use of an engine model indicating an engine output characteristic provided when the spark timing, the amount of air supplied to the engine and the predicted load magnitude are inputted to the engine model.

Abstract: The invention provides an output torque control method and apparatus for a lean burn internal combustion engine which accounts for aging of component parts, and in which no stepwise change of torque or shock occur when an air fuel ratio is changed. The method and apparatus according to the invention control an intake air amount while maintaining an emission purification function by controlling the air fuel ratio to that of a theoretical mixture (air fuel ratio of 14.7) in a case where a limit NOx emission is determined by using a detected air fuel ratio and lean burn operation becomes difficult due to the amount of NOx emissions. Abrupt change of an output torque when the air fuel ratio is changed is curtailed by controlling a fuel amount or an air amount after calculating the fuel amount or the air amount from an engine speed and an accelerator depression angle.

Abstract: A fuel metering control system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders. The system includes an air/fuel ratio sensor and engine operating condition detecting means for detecting engine operating conditions. The basic quantity of fuel injection is determined by retrieving mapped data according to the engine speed and engine load. A controller is provided to calculate a feedback correction coefficient to correct the quantity of basic fuel injection such that variance between individual cylinder air/fuel ratios is decreased. The quantity of fuel injection is further corrected by a fuel adhered to an intake manifold wall.

Abstract: In a decompression braking apparatus which is applicable to a Diesel engine and is capable of switching an engine braking condition so as to achieve an engine revolution speed area when a decompression braking request is issued, a sleeve portion of an eccentric bushing member is pivotally interposed between an inner periphery of a rocker arm and an outer periphery of a rocker shaft fitted into the rocker arm so as to be enabled to displace a swing center of the rocker arm toward a downward direction aligned with an open direction of an exhaust valve whose degree of openings in a closure stroke thereof is varied, a first actuator is so constructed and arranged as to actuate the eccentric bushing member to be pivoted so that the swing center of the rocker arm is displaced to a second position at which the degree of openings of the exhaust valve in the closure stroke is relatively large and a second actuator is so constructed and arranged as to limit the pivotal movement of the eccentric bushing member according

Abstract: An ignition plug cap for connecting an ignition plug terminal and a high tension cable, having a rubber cap at the lower end portion thereof and a plug cap pipe connected with the rubber cap, wherein the ignition plug cap further comprises a flange having a longer diameter than that of the rubber cap and integrally formed on the external surface of the plug cap pipe with its lower surface abutted to the rubber cap.

Abstract: A fuel-injected engine produces improved performance while reducing hydrocarbon emissions through the use of several control sensors. One of the sensors, a throttle sensor, determines an opening degree of the throttle valves of the engine and transmits this information to an electronic control unit. A unique coupling ensures unitary movement of a shaft of the sensor with the throttle valve to precisely measure the opening degree and to minimize mechanical hysteresis in the sensed position of the throttle valve as the valve opens and closes. The electronic control unit in turn adjusts the amount of fuel injected depending upon the opening degree of the throttle valves. The amount of injected fuel also depends upon the atmospheric pressure to which the engine is subject. A high-pressure fuel delivery circuit includes a fuel pressure regulator that regulates the fuel pressure at the fuel injectors of the engine.

Abstract: A cylinder-disabling control system for a multi-cylinder engine provided with an exhaust manifold to which each exhaust port is connected, which control system comprises: an engine performance sensor; an operation mode selector for selecting the cylinder-disabling mode or the all-cylinders-engaged mode; and a disabled-cylinder designator for designating as disabled at least one of the most upstream cylinder and the exhaust pulse-affected downstream cylinder, when the cylinder-disabling mode is selected, thereby improving driving stability at low rpm's.

Abstract: A spark advance system for an internal combustion engine having a conventional throttle operated spark advance that provides a spark advance related to load. In addition, an arrangement is provided for using an alternate spark timing during start-up so as to provide optimum spark timing under start-up conditions.

Abstract: A burner for burning powdered fuel in air. The air is divided into concentric annular currents. A tube (6) conveys primary air or gas. The tube is surrounded by another tube (12). The second tube conveys secondary air. The exit of the primary-air tube inside the secondary-air tube is surrounded by an annular baffle (26). The baffle is open at each end, has secondary air flowing through it, and extends axially beyond the primary-air tube as much as 25% of the tube's outside diameter. The thickness of the gap (25) between the primary-air tube and the baffle is at least 1.5% of that diameter.

Abstract: An auxiliary air flow control system for an internal combustion engine, comprises an auxiliary air passage arranged parallel to an intake-air passage and bypassing a throttle valve disposed in the intake-air passage for diverting a part of intake air from an upstream side of the throttle valve to a downstream side of the throttle valve, an auxiliary air flow control valve disposed in the auxiliary air passage and responsive to operating conditions of the engine for producing therethrough a controlled flow rate of the auxiliary air, and an auxiliary air flow constricting valve sensitive to an engine coolant temperature for constricting the controlled flow rate of the auxiliary air from the auxiliary air flow control valve. The auxiliary air flow constricting vane has a substantially V-shaped coolant-temperature versus auxiliary air-flow constriction characteristic.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine air/fuel ratio control provides for individual engine cylinder air/fuel ratio balancing through sensing of individual cylinder air/fuel ratio and through comparison of sensed individual cylinder air/fuel ratio to a target air/fuel ratio with air/fuel ratio control command correction prescribed on a cylinder-by-cylinder basis. The target air/fuel ratio may be determined as an overall average cylinder actual air/fuel ratio. An additional control loop is provided for driving a value representing overall engine air/fuel ratio toward a desired air/fuel ratio, such as the stoichiometric ratio. Correction values are learned gradually for each engine cylinder and stored and recalled as a function of an engine operating level.

Abstract: A valve body and injector nozzle support that can be utilized with a multi-port internal combustion engine cylinder head so that the induction passage can be tuned to provide a relatively small effective area to generate turbulence at low speeds and low loads and provide a substantially unrestricted passage under high speed high load conditions. A number of embodiments of such arrangements are disclosed and each is effective in improving the engine torque throughout the entire engine speed and load ranges.

Abstract: A combustion chamber of an engine comprising a pair of exhaust valves arranged on one side of an inner wall of a cylinder head. A pair of intake valves are arranged on the other side of the inner wall of the cylinder head. Inflow suppressing walls for suppressing the inflow of the intake air from the openings of the intake valves are formed along the peripheral portions of the intake valves positioned opposite to the exhaust valves and positioned between the intake valves. The parts of the inner wall of the cylinder head around the peripheral portions of the intake valves positioned opposite to the exhaust valves and positioned opposite to the other intake valves are expanded outward from the cylinder bore.