Abstract: A flow meter apparatus for measuring the mass flow rate of a fluid using the Coriolis principle. A single straight flow conduit is employed which is vibrated in a radial-mode of vibration. Coriolis forces are thereby produced along the walls of the flow conduits which deform the conduits cross-sectional shape as a function of mass flow rate. Additional embodiments are disclosed employing radial vibration of selected portions of the flow conduit walls.

Abstract: A single NMR sample coil of inductance L.sub.S, in series with a mid-frequency (MF) tuning inductor grounded at one end, is doubly broadbanded using a first high-voltage broadband capacitor matching network in series with the two coils for the LF tuning and a second high-voltage broadband capacitor matching network connected to the junction between the two coils for the MF tuning. Isolation between the MF and LF ports is achieved by proper choice of a plug-in isolation capacitor between the two broadband matching networks. An inductively coupled floating HF tank circuit is inserted in series with one of the leads from the sample coil to produce the triple resonance circuit. The tuning elements for this HF tank are mounted on top of the adjacent broadband matching network. A second floating HF tank circuit may be inserted in series with the other lead from the sample coil to produce a balanced-HF triple resonance circuit or an unbalanced quad-resonance circuit.

Abstract: A sparging-infrared liquid analyzing system having a vessel in which a gas stream makes a single pass through a liquid stream containing contaminants, in order to provide vapor-to-liquid equilibrium of contaminants in the gas stream. The gas stream is then passed through a condenser, in which the gas temperature is precisely controlled, and the gas is cooled to a point below the dew point of water vapor in the gas stream. The gas is then flowed into a gas cell for infrared analysis. Water vapor effects are removed from the analytical output. Also, the effects of excessive depletion of relatively insoluble contaminants are removed from the analytical output.

Abstract: An NMR system performs a dual-echo fast-spin-echo scan to acquire two NMR data sets from which proton density-weighted and T.sub.2 -weighted images may be reconstructed. The two NMR data sets are combined to produce a composite NMR data set from which a black blood NMR angiogram is produced by a minimum intensity projection.

Abstract: A method of producing slicing planes in a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system capable of obtaining a thin slice thickness easily. RF pulses for sequentially exciting a plurality of excitation planes for determining slicing planes are generated, wherein frequencies of the RF pulses are sequentially controlled such that each two adjacent ones of excitation planes have a mutually overlapping region and two separate non-overlapping regions. Then the generated RF pulses are applied to an object to be examined which has been placed in appropriate static and gradient magnetic fields for obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance signals from the slicing planes defined by the excitation planes in accordance with the mutually overlapping region and the separate non-overlapping regions of each two adjacent ones of the excitation planes.

Abstract: An NMR parallel imaging method and apparatus in a single sequence has a plurality of RF pulses applied substantially simultaneously, each having a different frequency, in the same contiguous time period in a subinterval of time during which the select slice magnetic gradient is applied, to activate a plurality of different physical slices. The refocusing RF pulses also comprise a plurality of RF pulses each having a different frequency, applied non-simultaneously but within the same slice select magnetic gradient in the same subinterval of time. A plurality of echo signals from the plurality of different excited slices are then read out during the same single read out magnetic pulse in the same subinterval. The method and apparatus of the present invention can be applied in MRI spin echo, pre-saturation or inversion.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance probehead is disclosed comprising a split-ring coil having a ring-shaped coil body with an axial slot therein. A radio-frequency (RF) measuring field is generated within the coil body and directed in parallel to a body axis. The coil body defines a first radial plane on one axial side and a second radial plane on the opposite axial side thereof. A measuring object is surface-contacted to the first radial plane whereas an electrical mirror having an RF-conductive plate is arranged in parallel to the second radial plane and at a predetermined axial distance therefrom.

Abstract: A pulsed NMR analysis system and process comprising an on-line system to extract a sample and establish digitized free induction decay curves (C), from which curve components functions are determined using regression techniques to correlate the curve components to the target nuclei, crystalline or amorphous, and to other material characteristics, such as flow rates in plastic (MI and FRR for polyethylene and MF for polypropylene). The invention makes use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for deriving an orthogonal set of explanatory parameters and therefrom a set of vectors wherein collinearity is eliminated by Eigenvalue analysis.

Abstract: Oscillations in longitudinal magnetization as a spin system recovers from a 180.degree. inversion pulse in the presence of off-resonance spin-locking pulse are eliminated by tipping the magnetization prior to spin-locking by an amount .theta. and tipping it back by an amount -.theta. after spin-locking. A one-shot measurement of off-resonance relaxation constant T.sub.1.rho. employs the .+-..theta. pulses to improve accuracy and a T.sub.1.rho. enhanced imaging sequence employs the .+-..theta. pulses to reduce artifacts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic resonance examination apparatus, comprising a coil system for MR mammography which has a particularly attractive signal-to-noise ratio. It comprises a first coil system (11) which comprises conductor loops which are merely inductively coupled to one another and which are provided on the surface of a cylinder in parallel planes, one of the loops being connectable to an input (22) of a receiving device (20). It also comprises a second coil system (12, 13) which is constructed as a surface coil and which is arranged at the end face of the first coil system (11) and can be connected to a further input (21) of the receiving device (20).

Abstract: A prescan for an MRI system (FIG. 1) automatically sets the rf power level to produce an excitation field that nutates spins in the image plane the amount prescribed by the scan. Nutation angle is measured with a pulse sequence comprised of three slice selective excitation pulses that produce a set of frequency encoded NMR echo signals (E.sub.1, S.sub.1, E.sub.2, E.sub.23, E.sub.13). Nutation angle is calculated at locations in the image slice from the Fourier transformation of these signals and the maximum nutation angle is employed to calculate the final rf power level setting for the scan.

Abstract: A sample mount for NMR microscopy and NMR spectroscopy which enables a specimen to be accurately placed within an NMR apparatus and if required in a preferred embodiment for the specimen to be examined under an optical microscope to enable the images to be accurately compared.

Abstract: An MRI apparatus comprises a magnet system producing a homogeneous magnetic field along the z axis. A plurality of wire conductors arranged in a "bird cage" configuration are supplied with a circularly rotating RF field centered near the Larmor frequency .omega..sub.o. The wire conductors receive a voltage source V.sub.p having a frequency .omega..sub.p, which is less than the Larmor frequency. The voltage source V.sub.p rotates about the wire conductors at a frequency of .omega..sub.s, which is much less than the frequency .omega..sub.p, to successively apply the voltage V.sub.p to each pair of diametrically opposed wire conductors in a manner which is ordered as a spatial cylindrical harmonic rotating at a frequency .omega..sub.s. The voltage source V.sub.p produces electric fields in the object which generate linear magnetic field gradients in the object. The voltage source V.sub.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging method for emitting a single excitation RF pulse and then a plurality of refocusing RF pulses to an examinee to generate echo signals successively.

Abstract: A pulsed nmr analysis system for polymers materials extracted from industrial processes at a mobility enhancing temperature (at or above glass transition temperature for amorphous polymers, at the crystalline transition temperature for crystalline and semi-crystalline polymers). The sample is measured via nmr techniques and results correlated to viscosity and melt index or melt flow (which are related to average molecular weights). The nmr system (in or out of resonance) includes: sample throughput system (P, LI, V1, V2) and user system controls (104) to establish digitized free induction decay curves (C), from which components functions are determined using linear or non-linear regression techniques to correlate the curve components to the target nuclei and to flow rates in plastics.

Abstract: A system for the generation of magnetic gradient fields which intermittently overlap the static magnetic field of a nuclear-spin tomograph, with at least one pair of gradient coils, powered from a power supply, through which current flows in series when in operation and which generate, in a predefined volume under examination, a gradient magnetic field that varies at least approximately in linear fashion with position in one direction, is characterized in that each gradient coil (A, B) has one set with at least one first winding zone (S1) and one set with at least one second winding zone (S2), which have terminals (16, 17; 18, 19) that are separate from one another, in such a way that the winding zones can be easily be connected to and separated from one another in varying ways. The user can thereby modify the properties of the gradient system.

Abstract: An ultrasonic testing method for detection of flaws in a ball-shaped material to be tested using an ultrasonic probe, wherein a test frequency f (MHz) of the probe and a radius of curvature r (mm) of a tip portion of the probe satisfy the relationship 50 mm.ltoreq.r.sqroot.f.ltoreq.60 mm, and wherein the radius of curvature r (mm) of the tip portion and the diameter D (mm) of an oscillator of the probe satisfy the relationship 0.35 mm.ltoreq.D/r.ltoreq.0.50 mm. The method enables detection of surface and internal flaws in materials, particularly ceramic ball hearings having a diameter ranging from several tens of millimeters down to 10 mm or below.

Abstract: A method and a device for tuning a HF source, which oscillates at a basic frequency, to a narrow-band component, in particular for tuning a microwave source 61 of an electron spin resonance spectrometer to a resonator 62. In order to mutually tune the resonance frequency F.sub.R of the resonator 62 and the basic frequency f.sub.O of the source 61, the output signal of the source 61 is mixed in a mixer 64 with a sweep signal of an oscillator 65. The behavior of the resonator 62 is observed on a visual display unit 67, via a detector 68, in the form of what is called a "mode curve", and the source 61 is re-tuned so that two dips in the mode curve are brought into coincidence.

Abstract: This invention relates to a field mapping fixture for mapping the magnetic fields of a superconducting magnet. Such structures of this type, generally, are capable of measuring the magnetic fields of a relatively small imaging volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is an RF magnetic shield for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus having a gradient coil and an RF coil allocated in a generally cylindrical magnet of the apparatus. The RF magnetic shield comprises conductive shielding plate members, disposed between the gradient coil and the RF coil, through which long slits are formed, and capacitors connected to both the longitudinal ends of the slits, respectively. Each of the capacitors consists of a multilayer capacitor, which is a larger capacitance and is continuously and electrically connected to both the longitudinal ends of the respective slits.