Abstract: Optical fiber waveguide for communicating electromagnetic radiation pulsed by an emitter in an endoscopic imaging system. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an endoscope comprising an image sensor for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a waveguide communicating the pulses of electromagnetic radiation from the emitter to the endoscope. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises a laser mapping pattern.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer-storage media, for visually detecting a halocline. In some implementations, a method includes moving a camera through different depths of water within a fish enclosure, capturing, at the different depths, images of fish, determining that changes in focus in the images correspond to changes in depth that the images were captured, and based on determining that the changes in focus in the images correspond to the changes in depths that the images were captured, detecting a halocline at a particular depth.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a decoding method and apparatus and an encoding method and apparatus for deriving an intra-prediction mode. An intra-prediction mode may be derived using a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode based on a neighbor block of the target block, a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode using signaling of the intra-prediction mode of the target block, or a method for deriving an adaptive intra-prediction mode based on the type of a target slice. An MPM list may be used to derive the intra-prediction mode, and a temporal neighbor block or the like may be used to configure the MPM list.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides method and systems for signaling information regarding chroma quantization parameter (QP) offsets. According to some disclosed embodiments, the methods include: determining whether a joint CbCr residual coding is enabled; and in response to the joint CbCr residual coding being determined to be enabled, signaling a syntax element for adjusting chroma quantization parameter (QP) for joint CbCr component at coding unit (CU) level.