Abstract: Spheroidal cast iron pieces are tested by clamping each individual piece on a vibratory test rig together with a reference datum piece and using the measured amplitude and frequency of the system at resonance to derive an automatic indication, through an electronic logic circuit, of the quality of the piece under test compared with the reference piece.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring flow rate of powders or granules forced out off the periphery of a loading table to fall down gravitationally. Deflector members arranged within the gravitational fall path of the powders or granules are subjected to a rotary force by impingement thereon of the powders or granules. Flow rate is measured as proportional to the moment for rotation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring a moving yarn line to detect the presence of undesired denier imperfections. The yarn is passed through an elongated constricted passage sensing device into which a sensing fluid is concurrently fed. The back pressure thus created in the fluid carrying line due to flow resistance in the sensing device, is monitored to detect variations which would indicate an imperfection in the moving yarn line.

Abstract: A diesel engine monitor monitors the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder. A thermocouple is coupled to each cylinder and the monitor scans the analog signal output from each thermocouple which is proportional to the engine exhaust temperature of the cylinder. The analog temperature signal is digitized and stored. A microcomputer controls the operation of the monitor and reads each individual temperature after it has been stored. The microcomputer averages the last temperature stored from each cylinder to form a total moving average for the engine which moves as each engine cylinder exhaust temperature is rescanned. The monitor first checks to see if the temperature signal from a cylinder is due to an open thermocouple. The microcomputer then compares the latest temperature to the previous temperature for that cylinder to determine if it has changed more than 100 degrees.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging system for medical and industrial applications produces quantitative acoustic impedance distributions from reflection data. The method and scanner apparatus with analog computation circuitry herein described acquires echo pulses reflected from impedance discontinuities in the specimen and computes impedance projections. The ensemble of projections, as in other computerized tomography systems, is used for reconstruction of the images which in this case are impedance distributions in a thin slice of the specimen.

Abstract: A thermometer for measuring a surface temperature having in its lower portion a spiral bimetallic strip mounted centrally on the lower end of a spindle whose upper end carries an indicating pointer. The spindle is journaled in an elongated tubular stem carrying at its upper end a dial face bearing angularly spaced indicia with which the pointer cooperates for indicating temperature. The lower end of the stem has fixed thereto a cup-shaped shield, downwardly open, surrounding the bimetallic strip, and including means restraining angular movement of the outer end of the bimetallic strip, but permitting limited axial movement of the strip and spindle relative to the stem and shield.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring non-cylindricity of surfaces. When measuring the non-cylindricity of bores, a plurality of pneumatic measuring transducers are mounted in radial holes in a circular cylindrical base element which is adapted to be introduced into the bore. Surrounding the outer ends of the nozzles of the measuring transducers are hollows which are connected to the atmosphere by means of passages extending within the body of the base element. The outer faces of the pneumatic nozzles serving as measuring transducers and the external cylindrical surface of the base element all lie on a common circular cylindrical surface. Successive measurements may be taken with the base element disposed in various axial and angular positions with respect to the bore. Means are provided for turning the base element either by hand or mechanically.

Abstract: Leak-detecting apparatus for a tire-vulcanizing press which is extremely sensitive and is capable of monitoring minute leaks in a diaphragm or bag in the region of the bottom of the bag susceptible to cracking and removed from the vicinity of the leak-detecting apparatus which ordinarily is at a top plate of the press. The apparatus includes temperature-sensitive resistive means in a normally balanced bridge circuit which is unbalanced by leakage fluid from the diaphragm for indicating a malfunction of the press and also includes a check valve for preventing air from outside the press from entering the vicinity of the temperature-sensitive resistive means.

Abstract: A gas sampling method and apparatus for determining the volume of air present in carbonated liquid in bottles and cans and in process lines. The method comprises testing a predetermined quantity of liquid containing CO.sub.2 gas by absorbing free CO.sub.2 gas evolved from said liquid in a liquid CO.sub.2 -absorbent solution whereby any air is concentrated as a residual gas and subjecting said liquid CO.sub.2 -absorbent solution with residual gas in a confined volume under a predetermined compressive force and measuring any resulting volumetric change whereby the volume of air present can be determined.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing leakage of composite packages is disclosed. The apparatus includes a hollow arbor for supporting a composite package to be tested for leakage, the open end of the composite package being sealed to a support for the hollow arbor, the interior of the latter being connected to means for placing pressure on the interior of the composite package at a value less than ambient, and being subsequently connected to means for measuring leakage in the container while being supported on the arbor.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the flow rate and/or viscous characteristics of a fluid comprises a casing, having a fluid passage which is elongated in cross-section with two parallel, opposed sides and has a flared entry portion leading to a portion of constant cross-section. Formulae are given, using substantially pure water as a standard, from which a suitable geometry for the flared entry portion can be deduced. Fluid pressure detectors are provided for detecting a fluid pressure differential in the fluid passage such that the fluid characteristic to be measured may be deduced from the pressure differential when laminar flow is maintained in the passage. When laminar flow is maintained the apparatus is capable of measuring a wide range of flow rates and/or viscosities of an extensive variety of fluids in a consistent and deducible manner with minimal pressure loss.

Abstract: In a method of measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the type wherein the upper level of a blood sample contained in a vertical test tube is detected by a photoelectric detection unit, the red blood corpuscles are caused to precipitate for a definite interval and the upper level of the precipitated red blood corpuscles is detected by descending the photoelectric detection unit along the test tube thereby detecting the rate of the sedimentation of red blood corpuscles, the photoelectric detection unit is stopped at a position a small distance corresponding to the air bubble or coagulated substance from the upper level. The photoelectric detection unit is descended after said definite interval for detecting the interface between the blood serum and the precipitated red blood corpuscles.

Abstract: A device is provided for detecting the presence of solid impurities within a pressurized fluid. The device comprises a housing having a fluid passageway formed therein. One end of the fluid passageway is open to the pressurized fluid, preferably via a restricted port, while the other end of the fluid passageway is open to a low pressure fluid region. A filter element is disposed across and obstructs the fluid flow through the passageway at a point intermediate its ends so that the filter element removes solid particles from fluid flowing through the passageway. A pressure sensing means, such as a pressure transducer, communicates with the fluid passageway between the pressurized fluid and the flter element. An increase of fluid pressure sensed by the pressure sensing means is indicative of a clogged filter element which, in turn, indicates the presence of solid impurities within the pressurized fluid.

Abstract: Disclosure is made of a method for checking the thickness of sheet materials, whereby acoustic oscillation is sent in the form of a traveling wave through a material being checked roughly perpendicularly to its surface. The amplitude of the acoustic oscillations that have passed through the material being checked is measured and compared to that of a reference signal, whereby the thickness of the sheet material is determined. The proposed device for checking the thickness of sheet materials comprises an acoustical radiator and an acoustical receiver. The working surface of the radiator and receiver are roughly parallel to the surface of a material being checked, which material is placed between the radiator and receiver. The distance between the radiator and receiver is selected to be in excess of the spatial extension of the traveling wave during each measurement period.

Abstract: This invention is an improved electronic detection system for leaks in articles such as can tops and the like comprising a special ultrasonic microphone-amplification system for listening for leaks in articles, a signal averaging network to receive the signal produced by the amplifier and to improve the signal to noise ratio, an enable circuit which is synchronized with the pressurization of the article to be leak tested and which triggers the signal averaging network and a comparator to receive the averaged signal from the signal averager. The comparator produces a logic pulse for rejecting leaky articles when the averaged signal produced by the signal averaging network is above a predetermined level.

Abstract: Detecting different fluids, such as oil at the surface of water, by a heated monitoring element exposed for contact with the fluid, the element having a resistance characteristic that changes as a function of temperature, in preferred embodiments being the mere filament of a light bulb. One system employs circuitry for periodically applying a pulse of electrical heating current to the monitoring element, to heat and produce a change in its electrical resistance, and output circuitry responsive to change in electrical resistance to indicate the nature of the fluid. In another system the resistance of the monitoring element is controlled by comparison to a constant reference, the heating current required serving to indicate the nature: e.g. oil, water or air, of the fluid contacting the element.

Abstract: A maintenance alarm actuator for a fluid filter actuates an alarm when contaminant has accumulated in the filter. The actuator is connected to fluid lines upstream and downstream of the filter. Included in the actuator are a valve and a biasing mechanism which biases the valve. The valve responds to the difference in the line pressures, and the actuator is initially triggered when the pressure of the upstream line exceeds that of the downstream line by an amount sufficient to overcome the force of the biasing mechanism. When initially triggered, the actuator vents the downstream line to the alarm, thereby increasing the difference in line pressure and causing itself to trigger completely.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the density of dry fibers, mainly in the form of fiber bundles. A sample of these dry fibers is weighed. The fiber bundles of these dry fibers are fed into the suction side of an air aspirator and opened into a combination of smaller fiber bundles and individual fibers as they exit from the pressure side of the aspirator. The combination of smaller fiber bundles and individual fibers passes through a chamber and is deposited onto a screen in the bottom of an enclosure. The enclosure is supported so that there is an open space under the screen, thereby allowing the air which is transporting the combination when the combination is deposited on the screen to pass through the screen and exit from the apparatus. The volume of the combination of smaller fiber bundles and individual fibers deposited on the screen in the enclosure is measured, and the density of the dry fibers is calculated using the measured weight and volume of the sample.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for facilitating examination of an object within an optically opaque body through the use of impulse-echo techniques by projecting to an observation point, via a reflective surface positioned to intersect a line between the observation point and the object to be examined, a virtual image of a linear array of luminous points corresponding to echo-producing points of the object, such that each luminous point of the reflected image appears at a location, relative to the observation point, that coincides with the actual location of the corresponding echo-producing point of the object in the body.

Abstract: A liquid chromatography system comprises the following major components in combination: gas pressurized buffer reservoirs, automatic buffer selection valve, mixer/debubbler chamber, pump means, automatic sample valve, chromatography column, detector and fraction collector.