Abstract: A collimated light source for Liquid Crystal Display includes a light integrating sphere and an internally reflective light pipe means for producing a relatively collimated light beam for illuminating a liquid crystal display. Compensation for offset or skew angle of the collimated light near the edge of the light pipe is provided by a secondary collimator taking the form of crossed cylindrical lenses.

Abstract: An optical modulation device comprises first electrodes and second electrodes disposed opposite to and intersecting with the signal electrodes, and an optical modulation material providing a first and a second orientation state depending on an electric field applied thereto disposed between the first electrodes and the second electrodes, a pixel being formed at each intersection of the first electrodes and the second electrodes so as to form a matrix of pixels as a whole.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for responding to incident electromagnetic radiation (16) to prevent direct transmission thereof when the magnitude of E-vector exceeds a predetermined value includes a first medium (12) through which incident electromagnetic radiation may be transmitted and smectic liquid crystal (14) positioned with respect to the first medium for responding to such E-vector to undergo Kerr effect in proportion to such E-vector so as to cooperate with such first medium to effect refraction of such electromagnetic radiation at an interface of the first medium and liquid crystal to prevent direct transmission of such radiation when the E-vector exceeds such predetermined magnitude. Smectic to nematic phase transition also may be used to prevent direct light transmission when incident radiation causes heating in the liquid crystal material.

Abstract: The element comprises a pair of transparent substrates, a pair of light-transmitting electrodes each provided on the respective substrates, a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer disposed between the pair of substrates and orientation control films for the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal provided between the electrodes and the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer. The orientation control film controls a tile angle of a biphenyle series nematic liquid crystal having biphenyl ring system below 1.5.degree. and causes a uniform molecule orientation characteristic and a memory property for the ferroelectric liquid crystal element of smectic C* liquid crystal and having a liquid crystal layer thickness of even more than 4 .mu.m.

Abstract: An optical modulation device is disclosed, which includes: a first substrate having thereon a signal transmission electrode connected to a signal source and a first electrode having a delay function connected to the transmission electrode; a second substrate having thereon a second electrode disposed opposite to said first electrode; and an optical modulation material, particularly a ferroelectric liquid crystal, disposed between the first and second electrodes. An optical modulation system, particularly a gradational display system, utilizing the delay function is also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device, comprising a pair of parallel base plates and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed therebetween. At least one of the pair of parallel base plates has thereon an electrode, and a flattening layer coating the base plate and the electrode. The ferroelectric liquid crystal is disposed in contact with the flattening layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus having a plurality of display units arranged contiguously so as to form mosaic patterns on the display apparatus by varying in the contents of display according to control signals given thereto. The display unit includes a fluorescent lamp, a display element, a fluorescent lamp stabilizer, a glow lamp for lighting the fluorescent lamp, and a case. All these components of the display unit are accommodated in the case, so that the display apparatus is formed in a compact construction and the electronic circuits of the display units are not disturbed by noises attributable to the current flowing through the cables connecting the fluorescent lamp stabilizers to the fluorescent lamps, respectively.

Abstract: The color filters required for a thin film transistor liquid crystal display device are provided by using polychromatic glass for either the front or rear glass panel of the device. Through a series of masking, ultraviolet exposure and heat treating steps, red, green, and blue color areas can be generated in the polychromatic glass. Each of the different colored areas is, of course, to be aligned with one of the individually-addressable pel electrodes in the device. Two embodiments are described. In the first, the polychromatic glass forms the rear glass panel of the device and serves as a substrate for the thin film transistors used to individually address pel electrodes. In an alternate embodiment, the front glass panel of device is treated to form the color filter regions.

Abstract: The present invention provides, in an active matrix liquid crystal display device of the type including non-linear elements, for the application of an ON pulse-width modulation signal by the data line driving circuit at the rearward end of each selected period, during which the voltage corresponding to the duty-cycle of the selected signal is applied to the liquid crystal layer. The result is accurate reproduction of gray-scale images in the display under conditions of high duty-cycle driving. Further, cross-talk between columns caused by the data signal is controlled by supplying a signal voltage which eliminates the residual charges in the liquid crystal layer at the end of each selected period.

Abstract: A thin film transistor liquid crystal device with color capabilities can be fabricated using polychromatic glass. Polychromatic glass is a full-color photosensitive glass in which colored regions can be established through exposure to ultraviolet radiation either concurrently with or followed by heat treatment. To assure that colored regions in the polychromatic glass are aligned with individual pel electrodes, each driven by a thin film transistor, the pel electrodes are used as a shutter to control the exposure of the polychromatic glass to the ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A display device including a pair of opposed substrates at least one of which is transparent with a display medium layer therebetween, and a transparent electrode arranged on the internal surface of the transparent substrate is provided. The thickness of the transparent electrode is about (5500/(2.times.n)).ANG. wherein n represents the refractive index thereof. When a transparent insulating film is formed on the transparent electrode, the thickness of the transparent insulating film is about (5500/(2.times.m).ANG. wherein m represents the refractive index thereof. When the refractive index of n.sub.1 of the transparent insulating film is substantially equal to the refractive index n.sub.2 of the transparent electrode, the value, 2.times.(n.sub.1 .times.d.sub.1 +n.sub.2 .times.d.sub.2) equals about 5500.ANG. wherein d.sub.1 represents the thickness of the transparent insulating film and d.sub.2 the thickness of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device containing a liquid crystal orientation controlling film made from a fluorine-containing polyimide-isoindoloquinazolinedione is high in a tilt angle and excellent in viewing properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to a collimated light source for a flat panel liquid crystal display which uses a high intensity light source positioned in an integrating sphere. One or more tapered light pipes have their narrow end(s) positioned in an opening in the integrating sphere. Light from the integrating sphere is internally reflected in the light pipes(s) to produce a relatively collimated output beam which is projected onto one surface of the liquid crystal panel display.This invention relates to a light source for a liquid crystal panel display and, more particularly, to a collimated light source utilizing light pipes and an integrating light sphere.

Abstract: In a time-sharing driving method for a device comprising electrode matrix wherein the electrode matrix comprises two electrode groups oppositely spaced from each other, each comprising a plurality of electrodes, the two electrode groups being arranged so as to interesect with each other to form matrix intersecting points, one electrode group being assigned to serve as a row electrode while the other electrode group is assigned to serve as a signal electrode, voltage being applied to each row electrode in a time-sharing manner, the time-sharing driving method is characterized in that voltage applied to a selected point in an addressed row electrode is in a direction opposite to that of voltage applied to the other matrix intersecting points.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a pair of opposing substrates, conductive films provided on the substrates, and a liquid crystal filled between the opposing substrates. The device has a colored layer containing a polyazo compound and provided on at least one of the substrates.

Abstract: A functional optical element comprises a first optical member, a second optical member provided in contact with said first optical member, the interface between said first optical member and said second optical member being non-flat planar, a means for changing the refractive index of said second optical member, said means for changing refractive index being capable of creating selectively a first state in which said first optical member and said second optical member have an equal refractive index and a second state in which said first optical member and said second optical member have different refractive indices by changing the refractive index of said second optical member.

Abstract: An electron beam addressed crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A mirror and a thin layer of partially conductive material are deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. The partially conductive layer is divided into a series of pixel elements by a conductive matrix which faces the electron beam. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer to establish a negative voltage across the liquid crystal, and then flow out to the conductive matrix to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive matrix is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A light influencing display including at least one pixel having a pixel capacitance and an auxiliary capacitance in parallel with the pixel capacitance is disclosed. The pixel includes electrodes located in at least three spaced apart layers, namely a first electrode including first and second spaced apart electrode portions in a first layer, and a second electrode spaced from and facing the first electrode portions in substantially parallel relations thereto in a second layer. The second electrode is electrically insulated from all external circuit connections and from all other pixel electrodes and liquid crystal display material is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The auxiliary capacitance is provided by at least a first auxiliary electrode in a third layer spaced and insulated from and facing at least the first electrode portion of the first electrode on the side of the first electrode opposite the liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A pin hole camera assembly for use in viewing an object having a relatively large light intensity range, for example a crucible containing molten metal in an atomic vapor laser isotope separation (AVLIS) system is disclosed herein. The assembly includes means for optically compressing the light intensity range appearing at its input sufficient to make it receivable and decipherable by a standard video camera. To accomplish this, the assembly utilizes the combination of interference filter and a liquid crystal notch filter. The latter which preferably includes a cholesteric liquid crystal arrangement is configured to pass light at all wavelengths, except a relatively narrow wavelength band which defines the filter's notch, and includes means for causing the notch to vary to at least a limited extent with the intensity of light at its light incidence surface.

Abstract: A voltage stabilizer receiver power from a power circuit for inputting a power source voltage. The voltage stabilizer changes the width of pulses in accordance with the changes in the effective value of the power source voltage and stabilizes the effective value of an applied voltage to a display regardless of the change in the effective value of the power source voltage by subtracting this pulse from pulses comprising the display drive waveforms.