Abstract: An alkaline battery having excellent discharge characteristics and higher discharge capacity with an increase in its internal resistance being suppressed is disclosed. The alkaline battery has a positive electrode active material which comprises primarily manganese dioxide and electroconductive carbon material. The electroconductive carbon material comprises expanded graphite particles having an average particle size in the range from 0.5 to 15 .mu.m, and the content of the expanded graphite particles is in the range from 2 to 8% by weight based on the solids in the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: A single point watering system for a battery having a plurality of cells is provided with a bracket secured to an end wall of a battery casing in overlying spaced relation to an upper surface of at least one cell of the battery. A clamp is provided for securing an inlet fitting on the filler tube of the single point watering system to the underside of the bracket for securely positioning the inlet fitting in a protected, readily accessible location for quick connection and disconnection with a water supply system.

Abstract: A nonaqueous secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode and a nonaqueous electrolyte disposed and sealed between the cathode and the anode wherein the anode is made of a carbon material as its active material, in which the carbon material comprises a fine core particle of a metal or an alloy thereof, and a carbon layer which is arranged and stacked in an onion-like shell configuration centering on the fine core particle, at least part of the carbon layer having a crystal structure in which graphite-like layers are stacked and the fine core particle having an average diameter of about 10 to 150 nm.

Abstract: A power generation layer includes three layers of a fuel electrode, a solid oxide electrolyte and an oxygen electrode. Both faces of the power generation layer are formed with a number of dimples that are shaped and arranged so as to satisfy (half dimple height)=3.2.times.(dimple diameter)-(half dimple pitch).+-.(dimple diameter).

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising a cathode, an anode, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte, wherein a spinel type lithium manganese complex oxide is used as main active substance for the cathode, which is characterized in that a solid state lithium ion conductor is mixed with the main active substance in the cathode.

Abstract: A structure for stabilizing of an electrochemical cell stack against high shock and vibration forces through the use of a plurality of electrode connections at both the top and bottom of the stack is described. Constructing the cell casing having a tubular shape rather than the typical deep drawn can shape, allows access to the lower portion of the stack. There, additional leads are welded to the cell case, which significantly adds to the stability of the stack within the case. The lower portion of the case is then within the case. The lower portion of the case is then hermetically sealed by fitting and welding a disc in place.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a generally rectangular case formed by a bottom wall and a generally planar top wall. The top and bottom walls are separated by a pair of parallel side walls that are substantially normal to the top and bottom walls, and by first and second parallel end walls that are substantially normal to the top, bottom, and side walls. A portion of one end wall overhangs the remaining portion of the end wall, and the overhanging portion contains electrical contacts for the battery pack. The electrical contacts are recessed below the outer surface of the battery pack to reduce the likelihood of inadvertent short circuitry of the contacts. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery cells interconnected with circuit components to protect the battery pack during use and recharging.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is provided using graphite immersed in molten NaA.sub.4 (mp150.degree. C.) as the cathode, liquid sodium as the anode and .beta. alumina as the sodium ion conducting solid electrolyte to separate the anode and cathode compartments.

Abstract: An improved solid state electrochemical cell is provided including a lith ion conducting solid electrolyte. The lithium ion conducting solid electrolyte is a solid solution of lithium germanium oxide and lithium vanadium oxide that includes lithium iodide as an additive. The improved cell can be used as a high temperature high rate rechargeable cell or as a high temperature thermal cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of processing used batteries, especially zinc-carbon and alkali-manganese batteries, in order to recover any usable or environmentally relevant substances, comprising the mechanical reduction of the initial material followed by the separation of the battery granulate thus obtained into a fine and a coarser fraction. The coarser fraction is further separated into a magnetic and a non-magnetic part, followed by principally wet chemical steps to sort out the fractions containing the individual useful or environmentally relevant substances and their separation.

Abstract: Household sealed cell alkaline and zinc carbon batteries may be recycled for use in steel making as follows. The batteries are pulverized then run through an acidic bath to neutralize the alkaline electrolyte. Next the materials are rinsed, then dried and mixed with granulated carbon steel typically in a ratio of 5 parts battery material to 95 parts granulated carbon steel. The mixture is compressed into briquettes for introduction into steel making furnaces.

Abstract: The use of vanadium oxide iron and/or aluminium bronzes as a cathode material in electrochemical generators is described. The cathode material is a vanadium oxide bronze having formula: M.sup.1.sub.x1 M.sup.2.sub.x2 V.sub.2 O.sub.5, wherein M.sup.1 is a vanadium oxide bronze or iron, M.sup.2 is a metal different from M.sup.1 having valency n and chosen from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and aluminium, and x.sub.1 and x.sub.2 are such that 0.06.ltoreq.x.sub.1 .ltoreq.0.13; 0.ltoreq.x.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.20; and 0.27.ltoreq.3x.sub.1 .ltoreq.nx.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.39; and may be combined as a cathode (9) with an Li or Li alloy anode (5) and with an electrolyte consisting of lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate.

Abstract: A glass or glass-ceramic sealant for a SOFC having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of from about 8 to about 13.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. and a viscosity of at least 10.sup.3 Pa-s at cell operating temperature. The sealant has a composition of SrO present in the range of from about 5 to about 60 mole percent, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from 0 to about 45 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 80 mole percent, and SiO.sub.2 present in the range of from 0 to about 40 mole percent, wherein the material is a viscous fluid at cell operating temperatures of from about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. The sealant may also be compounds of CaO present in the range of from 0 to about 35 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A non-aqueous liquid electrolyte secondary battery including an anode formed of a carbon material capable of doping and de-doping of lithium, a cathode formed of a lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte is disclosed. The carbon material for the anode contains graphite and a non-graphitic carbon material formed of at least a non-graphitizable carbon material or a graphitizable carbon material. The non-graphitic carbon material preferably exhibits a discharge capacity per gram 80% or more of that of the graphite, measured in the first cycle of intermittent charging and discharging. The non-graphitic carbon material exhibits a ratio of a discharge capacity up to 0.3 V to a discharge capacity up to 1.5 V which is not smaller than 0.5, measured in the first cycle of intermittent charging and discharging with a standard of a lithium potential. Specifically, the graphite has a true density of 2.1 g/cm.sup.3 or greater, an interplanar distance of (002) of less than 0.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes a hollow battery housing having a top end provided with a positive battery terminal, a bottom end provided with a negative battery terminal, and a surrounding wall that confines a cell receiving space and a prong receiving space. A prong unit includes a prong base disposed slidably in the prong receiving space, a pair of prongs connected at one end to the prong base, and a slide button extending through a longitudinal slot in the surrounding wall of the battery housing and connected to the prong base. The slide button is operable manually to move the prongs selectively between a first position, wherein the prongs are fully retracted in the prong receiving space, and a second position, wherein the prongs extend out of the prong receiving space via prong holes at the top end of the battery housing for connection to an electrical outlet.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprises a positive electrode comprising a mixture of manganese dioxide and a fluorinated graphite as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode comprising lithium metal or a substance capable of occluding and discharging lithium ion as a negative electrode material, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, said fluorinated graphite being represented by the formula (CFx)n wherein 1.2.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.1.4 and contained in said mixture in a ratio by weight of 0.1 to 4%. This battery undergoes minimal self discharge and has excellent storage capability, since reaction products formed by reaction of manganese dioxide and the nonaqueous electrolyte used minimally react with lithium on the negative electrode side.