Abstract: An electrode for use in electrolytic processes having a substrate of film-forming metal comprises an electrocatalyst incorporated in an integral surface film of the film-forming metal oxide grown from the substrate. The electrocatalyst incorporated in the integral surface film comprises two superimposed layers, a first layer comprising platinum metal and a second layer comprising an oxide of iridium, rhodium, palladium or ruthenium, the first platinum containing layer being next to the substrate and the second iridium, rhodium, palladium or ruthenium oxide containing layer being at the outer surface of the integral surface film of the film-forming metal oxide. The electrode comprising the two superimposed layers may be further coated with another electrochemically active catalytic outer layer in which case said superimposed layers serve as the electrode underlayer. The electrode is particularly useful as an oxygen evolving anode in high speed electroplating (electrogalvanizing).

Abstract: An improved aqueous electrolyte solution suitable as an electrolytic plating bath is disclosed which is capable of giving a magnetic layer of a cobalt-based alloy on a substrate of a magnetic recording medium used in a high-density vertical-mode magnetization. The electrolyte solution characteristically contains, in addition to the conventional salts of cobalt, manganese and nickel, reducing agent and pH buffering and controlling agents, a water-soluble rhenium salt such as ammonium perrhenate in a concentration of 0.002 to 0.015 mole/liter.

Abstract: An electrochemical separation of oxygen from oxygen containing gaseous mixtures, such as air, using a molten nitrate salt electrolyte retained in a porous matrix between two gas porous catalytic electrodes wherein oxygen is separated from the gaseous mixture when electrical potential is applied across the electrodes providing movement of ionic NO.sub.3 - from the cathode to the anode.

Abstract: Electrically conductive layers are applied on to carbon fibers or filaments or sheet-like structures of these by a process in which monomers from the class consisting of the anilines or of the pyrroles or thiophenes are polymerized on the surface of the carbon structures in the presence of an electrolyte.

Abstract: A process for the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of sodium chloride in an electrolytic cell separated into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber by a perfluorocarbon copolymer cation exchange membrane having pendant carboxylic acid groups. The process is characterized by reducing the calcium content of the aqueous sodium chloride solution charged into the anode chamber to less than 1 p.p.m. High current efficiencies are obtained utilizing membranes having an ion exchange capacity of carboxylic acid groups of from 0.5 to 2.1 milliequivalents per gram of dry resin.

Abstract: Novel composite pigments containing both organic and inorganic portions have been produced.These pigments consist of an inorganic binary titanium dioxide/aluminum hydrate component, in a percent quantity comprised between 70% and 95% by weight, the remaining organic component amounting to between 5% and 30% by weight, consisting of an organic dye selected from the group consisting of azoic and quinophtalonic compounds, containing in their structure at least one carboxylic and/or sulphonic, substantially salified, acid function.The pigments are obtained according to a co-precipitation process, under substantially alkaline controlled pH conditions, of the acid organic dye together with the aluminum hydroxide (hydrated aluminum), by acidification of a solution and/or an aqueous dispersion of the acid organic dye in sodium aluminate, in the presence of titanium dioxide, at from 40.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell, e.g., for chlorine production, where the electrodes are in compressive contact with and removable from the permionic membrane.

Abstract: A continuous method for making mica film by electrophoresis wherein mica is deposited on an endless moving electrode surface from a mica sol, removed from the sol, dried, and finally stripped from the electrode, and apparatus for use in practicing the method, are described.

Abstract: A metal such as silver is recovered from an electrolyte by supply from a holding vessel to a plating cell at a replenishment rate which is automatically reduced when the electrolyte level in the vessel falls below a specified level. While the cell is fed at the reduced rate the cell is operated at a reduced current selected to equate the sum of dissolution from the electrode and metal introduction at the lower replenishment rate. Apparatus for carrying out the method is described.

Abstract: A process for electrowinning of copper from leach solutions containing a high concentration of iron in the range of about 5 to 40 gpl, is disclosed. The process consists in applying direct current through the solution and periodically reversing the polarity of such current to obtain a solution having a low ferric ion concentration, thereby increasing the operating current efficiency and consequently decreasing the power consumption.

Abstract: An improved solar energy converter comprising a plurality of electrically conductive, photoemitting electrodes geometrically arrayed so that light will strike only one surface of each to produce electron emission. The electrodes are in a spaced, generally parallel relationship so that electrons emitted by the illuminated surface of one electrode will travel to, and be collected by, a non-illuminated surface of a next adjacent electrode. A vacuum surrounds the electrodes so that only space conduction occurs. Each electrode has one surface which acts as a photoemitting cathode and one surface which acts as an electron collector, or anode, and thus each pair of adjacent electrode surfaces is analagous to a voltage cell, the plurality of electrodes forming a solar energy battery.

Abstract: A method of treating aluminium, particularly as a means of anodising an aluminium lithographic plate, which method forms an anodised layer which has improved porosity, thickness, abrasion resistance, and chemical inertness but physical adhesion to overcoatings; the method comprises the steps of firstly anodising the aluminium by electrolysis in sulphuric acid solution, and secondly, anodising the aluminium by electrolysis in phosphoric acid solution. The same anodising potential, preferably of 10 to 15 volts d.c. can be used for both steps, which are substantially continuous with one another. The surface is preferably grained first, by electrolysis in dilute hydrochloric acid. Preferred values of specific gravity for the sulphuric and phosphoric acids are given.