Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating creation of an improved quality reproduction of an original to be copied includes a first sensor for producing a signal in accordance with the density of the background or nonimage are of the original, a second sensor for producing a signal in accordance with the color of its background, and electronic circuit means for generating a bias voltage based on the sensed density and color of the background of the original for application to a developing apparatus.

Abstract: An electric pulse-controlled unit for a window raiser designed especially for use on an automobile, including a motor to raise and lower the window, a power circuit to activate this motor, a motor control capable of being moved from a cutoff position into first and second active positions in which the motor is activated respectively to raise and lower the window, and a mechanical control switch enabling selection of one of the active positions in order to operate the motor in the desired direction. Between each active position of the mechanical control switch and the power circuit for controlling the motor for raising and lowering the window, there is provided two circuits in parallel, each having a control flip-flop with a respective reset input connected in parallel by means of an OR logic circuit to a set of circuits comprising in particular: a delay circuit, a double control detection circuit, and a voltage loading detection circuit.

Abstract: A rotor rotating electric machine having a toroidal winding assembly wound n a toroidal helix configuration. The toroidal winding includes four coils, each of which is wound in the form of a toroidal helix around a thin cylindrical ring. A rotor, coaxially rotatable within the toroidal winding, includes a magnetic assembly which has alternately a plurality of north pole permanent magnets and a plurality of south pole permanent magnets. Excitation of the toroidal winding assembly will, in turn, cause the rotor to rotate in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A permanent magnet motor designed for d-c operation with pulsed current supply through at least two, and preferably four or more stator coils, has a rotor magnetized such that, with respect to 180.degree.-electrical, about 120.degree. are magnetized in one magnetic polarity, and the remaining about 60.degree. are magnetized with dual polarity to provide a monopole zone of magnetization and a dipole zone of magnetization, a galvano-magnetic sensing element being exposed to the path of circumferential rotation in which the same polarities of the dipole and monopole zones are contiguous for control of pulse current flow through the windings of the motor. A tacho generator winding may additionally be included in the air gap, exposed only to the rotary path of one magnetic pole of the dipole zone and the monopole zone.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation (PWM) speed control for a DC electric motor includes an encoder for providing encoder pulses in reponse to incremental rotation of a shaft driven by the motor. A timer senses a time period between encoder pulses. After three consecutive sensed time periods, a microcomputer compares the sensed time periods with a desired time period corresponding to a desired motor speed, and provides a digital value which is a function of the comparison of the sensed and desired time periods. The ditigal value is supplied to a timer, which applies an energizing pulse to the DC motor for an interval which is a function of the digital value.

Abstract: A control system for a brushless direct current motor providing linear closed loop speed control when the motor is operating near its desired speed and providing pulse width modulation closed loop speed control when the motor is not operating near its desired speed. A current sensing feedback loop is provided to drive the transistor linearly controlling the electronic commutation of the motor into pulse width modulation when the current through the motor exceeds a predetermined value. An inductor may be coupled in series with control transistor and positive feedback may be supplied to the current sensor.

Abstract: A pulse motor driving device for a pulse motor having a plurality of windings. A first plurality of switching elements is connected to a first pole of a D-C power supply and to a connecting means for providing a connection to the windings of the pulse motor and to a second plurality of switching elements. The second pole of the D-C power supply is connected to the second plurality of switching elements. A plurality of diodes is connected to the connection means and to one of the poles of the D-C power supply. A capacitor is connected between one of the plurality of switching means and the D-C power supply. A comparison signal generator can be connected to the first plurality of switching elements, a reference voltage generator can be connected to the comparison signal generator and current detectors can be connected between the second plurality of switching elements and the D-C power supply.

Abstract: A self-controlled polyphase synchronous motor drive system having means for producing rotor digital timing signals representative of the position of the rotor relative to the stator, means for producing pulse width modulation control signals wherein the pulse width thereof is responsive to a motor power factor command signal, a plurality of phase control means equal in number to the number of phases of the polyphase stator and responsive to the variable pulse width modulation control signals and including means for producing a modulated analog reference signal from one of two selected stator voltages and means for summing the amplitude modulated analog reference signal with an unmodulated analog reference signal produced from the other of the two selected stator voltages and for comparing the sum thereof with a threshold voltage signal to produce as an output therefrom two motor voltage derived digital timing signals for each phase of the polyphase stator in response to the speed of the motor such that an abs

Abstract: A control system for a DC motor controlling the supply of power to polyphase coils by a drive transistor has a DC-DC switching converter for changing an output voltage according to an on-time ratio of the switching semiconductor, and a voltage controller for detecting a voltage drop across the drive transistor and for controlling the on-time ratio of the switching semiconductor so that the voltage drop across the drive transistor may be a predetermined small value. Therefore, the control system for a DC motor has a high power efficiency but reduced noise in the polyphase coils because of the operation of the DC-DC switching converter and the voltage controller. Furthermore, the control system for a DC motor can precisely control the supply of power to the polyphase coils by the drive transistor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color proofing apparatus is provided including a copyboard carrying a color separated positive and capable of being positioned into intimate contact with a charged photoconductive coating of an electrophotographic member. The engaged members are exposed to light, discharging the coating in increments to form a latent electrostatic image thereon. The copyboard is withdrawn and the exposed electrophotographic member rotated 180 degrees facing toward a toning assembly consisting of a row of plural toning units, each carrying a different color toner and arranged in line for linear translation below the exposed electrophotographic member with a selected one toning unit thereof being activated to apply a selected color toner to the latent electrostatic image. The toned member again is revolved 180 degrees.

Abstract: One of several corona dischargers used in an electrophotographic apparatus is connected to a power source transformer so as to selectively operate these corona dischargers. The power source transformer is provided with a tertiary winding, to which a switching device is connected. When the switching device is turned on, a secondary output from the transformer becomes lower than a corona discharging limit voltage, whereby the corona discharging stops.

Abstract: A motor speed control system utilizing a pulse duty controlling element including a core of an amorphous, magnetically soft material having a first and a second coil disposed thereon. A first set of pulses are applied to one end of the first coil while a constant voltage or a second set of pulses are applied to one end of the second coil. A duty controlled pulse is outputted from the other end of the first coil for supply to an electric motor. The other end of the second coil is connected to a current level controlling transistor, the base of which is connected to speed presetting means. The output pulse appearing at the other end of the first coil has a rising edge which lags behind the rising edge of a pulse in the first set of pulses by a time delay which depends on the degree of conduction of the transistor which is in turn determined by a preset value of the speed presetting means, and has a falling edge which is substantially synchronized with the falling edge of the pulse in the first set.

Abstract: A voltage control system for an induction motor, consisting of a SCR AC voltage controller with sensing and control circuitry, adjusts the motor voltage in response to the load torque demand, thereby minimizing the motor's magnetizing current and its associated losses. The motor displacement power factor angle, which is responsive to load torque, is sensed by directly sensing the motor voltage, deriving its fundamental or line frequency component, and phase-comparing that component with a similiarly derived fundamental component of the motor current. The resulting displacement power factor signal is amplified, together with a stability augmentation signal, to form a phase delay command signal for the AC controller. The stability augmentation signal, representative of the blocking voltage across the AC controller SCRs, is formed by rectifying the 180 Hz single phase sum of the three motor voltage signals.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmissionless drive system providing maximum torque at low speeds. The system is usable in a hybrid vehicle having a prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine, operated at its optimum rpm for efficiency. The prime mover drives a pair of amplidynes which in turn operate a pair of dc motors to produce rotation of the output shaft for driving the wheels of the vehicle via a novel differential drive system which drives the output shafts in which the effective gear ratio may be externally controlled to vary from a very high step down ratio producing very high torque to a one-to-one ratio for driving at a constant speed. Each drive motor is connected to a separate bevel gear in the differential and control of the output shaft speed and torque is obtained by controlling the speed and direction of rotating of the bevel drive gears.

Abstract: A torque reversing motor control structure and method for a reversible split phase or capacitive start motor including a centrifugally operated start switch and a transformer controlled motor contactor wherein the primary circuit of the transformer is completed through the start switch to prevent reversing the motor contactor without the motor start switch being closed to insure positive reverse of the motor.

Abstract: A magnetic brush development apparatus for developing latent electrostatic images formed on a flexible latent electrostatic image bearing member by a magnetic brush employing powder developer containing a magnetic material. The latent electrostatic image bearing member is positioned in contact with or in proximity to the magnetic brush formed on a sleeve for development. In a portion where the sleeve and the latent electrostatic image bearing member are positioned in proximity to each other, there are formed two spaces whose cross sections are wedge-shaped and development of the latent image is performed in the space on the upstream side with respect to the transport direction of the latent image bearing member and the unnecessary toner deposited on the latent image bearing member is cleaned in the other space on the downstream side.

Abstract: For use with a copier, apparatus is provided for selecting one of a plurality of sets for adjusting the contrast and density of copies. Each set defines a particular Din/Dout response curve. The apparatus includes a stored matrix of such sets with each set having at least three different values relating to: voltage Vo applied onto the photoconductor by the primary charger, copier exposure Eo, and bias voltage V.sub.B applied to a development station electrode. The operator designates a particular set and logic and control means, adjusts Vo, Eo, and V.sub.B in accordance with the designated set values, and causes the copier to have a particular Din/Dout response curve.

Abstract: A signal generating means including a half-round magnet attached to the spindle of a machine tool and mounted relative to a first reference indicator and a pair of opposingly mounted magnetic switches magnetically coupled to the magnet and mounted to a stationary portion of the machine tool and aligned relative to a second reference indicator for generating a first signal when the first magnetic switch is activated by the magnet, a second signal when the second magnetic switch is activated by the magnet; gating means, responsive to the first and second signals for generating an orient signal to orient the spindle to a reference position and a controller means for supplying to the spindle driving signals during the normal mode of operation and for supplying to the spindle during the orientation mode orient signals to cause the spindle to become aligned to the reference position.

Abstract: A variable reluctance electric motor system including a variable reluctance motor having main windings (A,B,C,D) and auxiliary windings closely coupled to the main windings, a main storage battery for driving the motor terminals (10,11) (that will be referred to as DC supply terminals), and a power converter circuit (FIG. 2) for charging the battery from the DC supply, in which the motor is included in the power converter circuit to function as an isolating transformer to isolate the battery from the supply when on charge.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is provided in which a toner image formed on a photosensitive member is initially transferred onto the surface of a transfer roller and then transferred onto a transfer sheet. Before the transfer step takes place, charge is injected into the toner image on the photosensitive member and the transfer roller is disposed close to the surface of the photosensitive member with a very small clearance. The photosensitive member has a conductive layer to which a bias voltage of the same polarity as the polarity of the toner charge can be applied. The transfer sheet is fed into the nib between the transfer roller and its abutting fixing roller, whereby the transfer and fixing of the toner image take place simultaneously.