Abstract: The present application discloses cellulose ester compositions that are plasticizer free that can be processed at higher temperatures with reduced degradation. The cellulose ester compositions disclosed are useful for the preparation of articles, for example eyeglass frames, automotive parts, and toys.

Abstract: An adhesive includes an organic material, an inorganic material, a curing agent and a catalyst. The adhesive is able to bond the wood material, especially recycled wood material. The wood material is not necessary to have any pretreatment like removing color, pigment or plastic lining so as to be introduced to the film process directly. After breaking and adjusting the moisture content of the wood material, it can be mixed with the adhesive and hard pressed into wood product with good duration and quality. The adhesive and the production method of wood board is able to ameliorate the problem of the conventional water based adhesive to save energy and processing time.

Abstract: In a method for producing hydrogen and carboxylic acid, a primary alcohol of 1 to 7 carbon atoms and water are reacted by being continuously introduced into a flow reactor packed with a solid catalyst consisting of an alloy of ruthenium and tin on a support and passed through the reactor under temperature and pressure conditions at which the water assumes a gaseous state. This method enables hydrogen and carboxylic acid to be produced in a high yield or at a high purity from a primary alcohol and water in a short time and by simple operations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of pulping cotton-based raw material for producing dissolving pulp. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for producing dissolving pulp under alkaline conditions in combination with a gaseous oxidizing agent. The present invention further relates to dissolving pulp obtainable by pulping cotton-based raw material, in particular dissolving pulp obtainable by the method of the present invention, the use of such dissolving pulp for producing regenerated cellulose molded bodies, and methods of producing lyocell or viscose including such dissolving pulp.

Abstract: Provided is a fluorine-doped tin oxide support, a platinum catalyst for a fuel cell having the same, and a method for producing the same. Also described is a high electrical conductivity and electrochemical durability by doping fluorine to the tin oxide-based support through an electrospinning process. Thus, while resolving a degradation issue of the carbon support in the conventional commercially available platinum/carbon (Pt/C) catalyst, what is designed is to minimize an electrochemical elution of dopant or tin, which is a limitation of the tin oxide support itself and has excellent performance as a catalyst for a fuel cell.

Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass (11) is processed to produce organic chemicals by (a) subjecting the biomass to a first hydrolysis (14) to hydrolyse hemicellulose, to form a liquid component comprising the products of hemicellulose hydrolysis in solution, and a solid component comprising cellulose and lignin; (b) then subjecting the solid component to a second hydrolysis (20), so as to hydrolyse cellulose and vaporise the resulting products of cellulose hydrolysis; and (c) then condensing (22) the resulting vapours to form an aqueous solution (25) containing the products of cellulose hydrolysis. After the first hydrolysis (14) and before the second hydrolysis (20), the process also comprises subjecting the solid component to a washing step (16). In this washing step (16) the solid component is washed with the aqueous solution (25) that contains the products of cellulose hydrolysis. Hence the resultant solution contains the products of both the first and the second hydrolysis steps (14, 20).

Abstract: An aqueous composition comprising: sulfuric acid; a modifying agent comprising an amine group; and a peroxide. The amine group can include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, monoethanolamine, pyrrolidine, ethylenediamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, DIPEA, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, DBU, benzylamine, and combinations thereof. The composition is capable of delignifying biomass under milder conditions than conditions under which kraft pulping takes place. The composition can be used in processing and depolymerization of cellulose from a plant source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of producing photocatalysts for degrading NOx. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the method comprises mixing a transitional metal or its oxide with a bone powder or a shell powder, followed by heating the mixture for a least 12 hours to dehydrate the mixture, and calcinating the dehydrated product for 1-5 hours. Also disclosed herein are methods of degrading NOx by using the thus-produced photocatalysts. Materials used doped with the transitional metal or its oxide are bone powder and shell powder, which is derived from animals (a chicken, a cow, a pig, a duck, a sheep, a donkey, or a horse) and shells from different species of sea water (a shrimp, a crab, a clam, a barnacle, a snail, an abalone, or an oyster), respectively.

Abstract: To provide a field-effect transistor, containing: a substrate; a protective layer; a gate insulating layer formed between the substrate and the protective layer; a source electrode and a drain electrode, which are formed to be in contact with the gate insulating layer; a semiconductor layer, which is formed at least between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and is in contact with the gate insulating layer, the source electrode, and the drain electrode; and a gate electrode, which is formed at an opposite side to the side where the semiconductor layer is provided, with the gate insulating layer being between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer, and is in contact with the gate insulating layer, wherein the protective layer contains a metal oxide composite, which contains at least Si and alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: Inorganic coatings that may be used to coat and protect galvanized steel are disclosed. The protective inorganic coatings include a liquid composition portion comprising water, alkali metal oxide components and a silicate-containing component. The coatings also include a powder composition portion comprising microspheres, metal oxide powder and optional microfibers. When applied to galvanized steel, the coatings provide chemical and physical protection.

Abstract: Inorganic coatings that may be used to coat and protect steel are disclosed. The protective inorganic coatings include a liquid composition portion comprising water, alkali metal oxide components and a silicate-containing component. The coatings also include a powder composition portion comprising microspheres, metal oxide powder and optional microfibers. When applied to steel substrates, the coatings provide chemical and physical protection.

Abstract: In various embodiments, single-crystal aluminum nitride boules and substrates are highly visibly transparent and have low Urbach energies and/or absorption coefficients at deep-ultraviolet wavelengths. The single-crystal aluminum nitride may function as a platform for the fabrication of light-emitting devices such as light-emitting diodes and lasers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing an allulose with stability at high yield, by concentrating products obtained by separating a solution containing allulose of a functional sweetener with high purity, to reduce the content of impurities such as fructose and reducing sugars and increase the content of allulose.

Abstract: A fructose in solid form containing a matrix and a plurality of carbohydrate crystals within said matrix, the matrix containing amorphous fructose and water, wherein the carbohydrate crystals comprise fructose and optionally one or more other carbohydrate(s), and optionally wherein the fructose in solid form is coated with a dry powder coating.

Abstract: A D-tagatose spray-drying feed formulation is a mixture of D-tagatose and a functional excipient co-dissolved in a solvent to produce a excipient/D-tagatose composite having a glass transition temperature of greater than 30° C. A method of spray-drying D-tagatose includes the steps of (a) preparing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation, (b) atomizing the D-tagatose spray-drying formulation in a drying chamber containing a hot inert processing gas and evaporating droplets to produce solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite and (c) separating and collecting the solid particles of excipient/D-tagatose composite from the processing gas.

Abstract: A multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer and methods of preparing the multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer are provided. The multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer includes an inorganic matrix including silicon and oxygen; a plurality of photocatalytic active particles distributed within and bonded to the inorganic matrix; and a plurality of nanopores defined within the inorganic matrix in regions corresponding to bonds between the plurality of photocatalytic active particles and the inorganic matrix. Water molecules may be disposed within at least a portion of the plurality of nanopores. In the presence of water and electromagnetic radiation, the plurality of photocatalytic active particles may facilitate a decomposition reaction of any oil or organic residue on the multifunctional self-cleaning surface layer.

Abstract: A composition for a stainless coating according to the present disclosure includes a sodium silicate, a lithium silicate, a polysiloxane, ethanol, and a residual solvent. The composition may be uniformly and smoothly coated on a curved, stainless steel surface, cleaning may be easier, and yellowing may be reduced or prevented.

Abstract: Non-dried allulose crystals are dried in a temperature treating step (b) in a drying apparatus at a temperature of about 25° C. to about 70° C., and in a conditioning step (c). The temperature treating step (b) may be carried out (b1) at atmospheric pressure and a residence time of about 5 minutes to about 5 hours. The temperature treating step (b) may be carried out (b2) under reduced pressure and constant temperature and a residence time from about 40 minutes to about 5 hours. The conditioning step (c) may be carried out (c1) over a period of about 30 minutes to 7 hours at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 70° C. The conditioning step (c) may be carried out (c2) over a period of about 15 minutes to about 90 hours at about 30 to about 60% relative humidity, and a temperature of about 25 to about 40° C.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an environment-friendly wall paint for a building and a preparation method thereof. The wall paint comprises glue powder, silica gel, nano-montmorillonite composite powder, diatomite dispersion, nano-calcium silicate, nano-titanium dioxide, glass fiber powder, red clay, lime, water, lignin, acrylamide, bamboo charcoal powder, alfalfa meal, tobacco straw fiber powder, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort extracting solution, Agastache rugosa extracting solution, mint extracting solution and natural plant essential oil. The wall paint disclosed by the present invention can be used for decorative coating of interior walls of the building, has the characteristics of strong adhesion, rapid drying, water and moisture resistance, no skinning, no shedding, no toxicity and no pollution, can purify indoor air, and also has the effects of heat preservation, heat insulation and fire prevention.

Abstract: An atomically dispersed precursor (ADP) for preparing a non-platinum group metal electrocatalyst includes: sacrificial metal centers comprising a sacrificial metal selected from Cd and Zn; metal active sites comprising a transition metal; and first and second ligands linking the sacrificial metal centers and the metal active sites into a network. The ADP may be immobilized on a carbon support. The first and second ligands may comprise N-containing ligands of different carbon chain lengths. Alternatively, the first and second ligands may comprise N-containing ligands and O-containing ligands, respectively.